8233( 4) - 11/12/99 15:08 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 8233 Version: 4 Check-in Date: 19-Apr-1999 14:36:25 1.Proposal Title: UV IMAGING OF OPTICAL JETS: A NEW WINDOW ON THE PHYSICS OF JETS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Proposal For 3. Cycle GO 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Investigators Contact? PI: Stefi Baum Space Telescope Science Institute CoI: Dr. Mitch Begelman Joint Institute for Laboratory N Astrophysics CoI: Dr. Patrick Leahy University of Manchester N CoI: Dr. Christopher O'Dea Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Dr. Andre Martel Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Mr. Sebastian Heinz Joint Institute for Laboratory N Astrophysics CoI: Dr. Phil Crane Dartmouth College N CoI: Dr. Jonathan Gardner Goddard Space Flight Center N CoI: Dr. John Hutchings Dominion Astrophysical Observatory N CoI: Dr. Eric Smith Goddard Space Flight Center N CoI: Dr. Bill Sparks Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Dr. Esther Zirbel City University of New York N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Abstract Extragalactic radio jets are highly collimated beams of high energy particles and magnetic fields issuing forth at relativistic speeds from sub-parsec scale regions, extending hundreds of kpc through interstellar and intergalactic space. They are unique in their scope, power, and size. The jets affect their host galaxies and environments, through kinetic energy output and through deposition of cosmic rays and magnetic fields into interstellar and intergalactic space. Despite years of study, fundamental jet parameters such as the magnetic field strength, particle density, jet configuration, bulk Lorentz factor, and the nature of particle acceleration in the flow remain unknown. Determining these key parameters and how they vary in different sources is key to formulating a theory of the physics of the creation and propagation of these jets. The tightest constraints on the physics of jets come not from radio observations, but from observations in the optical, UV, and x-ray, where the lifetimes of the synchrotron emitting particles are measured in hundreds of years and the particles travel distances of hundreds of parsecs. We propose to use the unique advantage of STIS' UV sensitivity and high spatial resolution to obtain images at 1400Angstrom\ and 2400Angstrom of a sample of seven optically-emitting radio jets. This dataset will provide qualitatively new data with which to constrain the physics of extra-galactic jets. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8233( 4) - 11/12/99 15:08 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ There are now roughly a dozen known optical jets and hotspots in radio galaxies, many found through HST imaging snapshot observations (e.g., De Koff et al, 1996). For our observations, we have chosen the 7 sources with bright well resolved optical jets, as seen by HST. (A separate proposal to observe M87 is being submitted by Biretta Etal ). At a mean redshift of ~ 0.05, we will achieve ~ 50 parsec resolution for the bulk of our sample; ample for resolving the cooling scale-lengths in the optical and UV (e.g., see Thomson et al. 1995). Figure 3 shows (top) the optical structure seen in WFPC2 F702W optical snapshot images of 3 of these sources, and (bottom) the optical and MERLIN radio image of the jet in 3C 346, along with an image of the FUV-MAMA jet seen in 3C 346 (obtained as part of a separate study to image cluster galaxies in the UV; Smith Etal\ in preparation). The FUV-MAMA 3C 346 observations indicate that our signal-to-noise predictions should be met. Table 1 shows the parameters of the sources we propose to observe. The sample covers over an order of magnitude in redshift, radio source size, radio power and optical jet size. Three of the sources which we propose to observe are relatively low luminosity Fanaroff and Riley Class I sources, three are higher luminosity Class II sources and 1 is of intermediate morphology. Columns 9-11 of this table give the integration times needed to achieve a signal-to-noise of 10:1 per resolution element assuming a radio-to-optical spectral index of -1. Column 12 gives the total orbital time to be devoted to each object. For the FUV-MAMA observations we will divide the time between the 25MAMA, F25SRF2 and F25QRTZ depending on the redshift of the object. Ly-alpha\ will be present in 25MAMA observations for all targets, in the F25SRF2 observations for z >0.05 and in the F25QRTZ observations for z > 0.2. Thus by splitting the time judiciously between two of the apertures, we can obtain an image with and without Ly-alpha ; these images can be differenced to obtain a Ly-alpha image, and the images co -added (in the absence of Ly-alpha) to obtain a full signal-to-noise continuum image. We note that of the apertures for use with the FUV-MAMA, the F25SRF2 is the most sensitive, due to the combination of rejection of geocoronal Ly-alpha and the wide band pass; the bulk of our time will be in observations with this filter. For three sources in our sample, the integration time is prohibitively long NUV-MAMA images will be taken with the Quartz filter to optimize the PSF but still give the broad bandpass coverage in the NUV needed to achieve the required signal to noise; for the brighter targets (3C346 and 3C264) the F25CN182 filter will be used to give a more precise spectral point at 1800A. We will also obtain ~5 minute 50CCD and 50X28LP observations, depending on the structure of the orbits. These observation will go a factor of roughly 10 deeper than the existing WFPC2 optical snapshot observations. Color information will be obtained from 50X28LP and 50CCD, which will be used in conjunction with the existing F702W, F555W and STIS G750L/G430L spectra of the jets in these objects to constrain the jet spectrum in the optical. From the FUV-MAMA, NUV- MAMA, and WFPC2+STIS visible data we will determine the broad nature of the jet spectrum, with points at ~7000A, ~5000A, ~ 2400A, and ~1500A. In Figure 2 the range of spectral indices which we might expect and the sensitivity limits (3Sigma) we will obtain at each wavelength are plotted showing that we will be able to differentiate between these different forms for the source spectrum as a function of position along and across the jet and determine the break frequency (if there is one) as a function of distance. We use WFPC2 images of all the targets in our sample to evaluate Bright Object Protection for our sample. The only source in our sample with a local rate check concern is 3C273; in this case the jet is ~ 20 arc-seconds long; thus, we will place the too- bright nucleus 5'' off the edge of the fov and still observe the bulk of the jet. Real Time Justification ----------------------- None. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8233( 4) - 11/12/99 15:08 - [ 3] Data Distribution Paper Products: NO Media: ELECTRONIC Blocking Factor: 10 Ship To: PI_Address Ship Via: Email: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8233( 4) - 11/12/99 15:08 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C15 GALAXY, Radio Galaxy RA=0H 37M 04.1S +/- 0.1S, DEC=- J2000.0 Z=0.073 V = 18.0 01D 9' 8.0" +/- 0.2" 2 3C78 GALAXY, Radio Galaxy RA=3H 8M 26.2S +/- 0S, DEC=4D 6' J2000.0 Z=0.0286 V = 13.8 39.0" +/- 0" 53 3 PKS0512-36 GALAXY, Radio Galaxy RA=5H 22M 58.0S +/- 0S, DEC=-36D J2000.0 Z=0.0553 V = 14.5 27' 31.0" +/- 0" 38 4 3C264 GALAXY, Radio Galaxy RA=11H 45M 5.0S +/- 0S, DEC=19D J2000.0 Z=0.0214 V = 13.7 36' 23.0" +/- 0" 45 5 3C273 GALAXY, Radio Galaxy, RA=12H 29M 6.7S +/- 0S, DEC=02D J2000.0 Z=0.1583 V = 19.6 Quasar 3' 9.0" +/- 0" 39 Comments: Check position...This source needs an offset from the nominal position due to brightness constraints. 6 3C346 GALAXY, Radio Galaxy RA=16H 43M 48.6S +/- 0S, DEC=17D J2000.0 Z=0.0161 V = 17.5 15' 49.0" +/- 0" 7 3C371 GALAXY, Radio Galaxy RA=18H 6M 50.7S +/- 0S, DEC=69D J2000.0 Z=0.051 V = 14.4 49' 28.0" +/- 0" 8233( 4) - 11/12/99 15:08 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C15 STIS/N ACCUM F25QTZ MIRROR 1 7100 S EXPAND UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C15 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 200 S CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 3C15 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 200 S CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3C15 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 200 S POS TARG 0.25, 0.25 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 3C15 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 200 S POS TARG 0.25, 0.25 CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8233( 4) - 11/12/99 15:08 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 3C78 STIS/N ACCUM F25QTZ MIRROR 1 2000 S UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 3C78 STIS/F ACCUM 25MAMA MIRROR 1 4000 S EXPAND UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 3C78 STIS/F ACCUM F25SRF2 MIRROR 1 4000 S EXPAND UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 3C78 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 50 3C78 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60 3C78 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S POS TARG 0.25, 0.25 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70 3C78 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S POS TARG 0.25, 0.25 CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8233( 4) - 11/12/99 15:08 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PKS0512-36 STIS/N ACCUM F25QTZ MIRROR 1 1750 S EXPAND UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 PKS0512-36 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 PKS0512-36 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 PKS0512-36 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S POS TARG 0.25, 0.25 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 PKS0512-36 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S POS TARG 0.25, 0.25 CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8233( 4) - 11/12/99 15:08 - [ 8] Visit: 04 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C264 STIS/N ACCUM F25QTZ MIRROR 1 1800 S UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C264 STIS/N ACCUM F25CN18 MIRROR 1 1800 S UV-MAM 2 A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 3C264 STIS/F ACCUM 25MAMA MIRROR 1 1700 S EXPAND UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3C264 STIS/F ACCUM F25SRF2 MIRROR 1 1700 S EXPAND UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 3C264 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 3C264 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 3C264 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S POS TARG 0.25, 0.25 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 3C264 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S POS TARG 0.25, 0.25 CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8233( 4) - 11/12/99 15:08 - [ 9] Visit: 05 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 160D TO 190D; SCHED 100% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: ORIENT is needed to align 23" jet along F28X50LP aperture and to ensure that POS TARG moves the core off the MAMA (because of BOP) but keeps the jet on the fov. ORIENT at 180 degrees from this one would require a POS TARG of the opposite sign. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C273 STIS/N ACCUM F25QTZ MIRROR 1 6800 S POS TARG +17.5, 0.0; UV-MAM EXPAND A Comments: The POS TARG should move the bright nucleus 5" off the MAMA. Assumes that the jet is pointing to the left (along -X on the X axis) and requires correct ORIENT. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 3C273 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 200 S POS TARG +5.0, 0.0 CD Comments: POS TARG centers the jet better on the chip. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3C273 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 200 S POS TARG +5.0, 0.0 CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 3C273 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 200 S POS TARG 5.25, 0.25 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 3C273 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 200 S POS TARG 5.25, 0.25 CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8233( 4) - 11/12/99 15:08 - [ 10] Visit: 06 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C346 STIS/N ACCUM F25QTZ MIRROR 1 1800 S UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C346 STIS/N ACCUM F25CN18 MIRROR 1 1800 S UV-MAM 2 A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 3C346 STIS/F ACCUM F25SRF2 MIRROR 1 3600 S UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3C346 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S MIN DUR 150s CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 3C346 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S MIN DUR 150s CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 3C346 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S POS TARG 0.25, 0.25; MIN CD DUR 150s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 3C346 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S POS TARG 0.25, 0.25; MIN CD P DUR 150s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8233( 4) - 11/12/99 15:08 - [ 11] Visit: 07 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C371 STIS/N ACCUM F25QTZ MIRROR 1 7600 S EXPAND UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C371 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 200 S CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 3C371 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 200 S CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3C371 STIS/C ACCUM 50CCD MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 200 S POS TARG 0.25, 0.25 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 3C371 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50L MIRROR CR-SPLIT=NO 1 200 S POS TARG 0.25, 0.25 CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8233( 4) - 11/12/99 15:08 - [ 12] Summary Form for Proposal 8233 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures F25QTZ 50CCD F28X50LP 25MAMA F25SRF2 F25CN182 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/NUV-MAMA STIS/CCD STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements EXPAND POS TARG 0.25, 0.25 ORIENT 160D TO 190D; SCHED 100% POS TARG +17.5, 0.0; EXPAND POS TARG +5.0, 0.0 POS TARG 5.25, 0.25 MIN DUR 150s POS TARG 0.25, 0.25; MIN DUR 150s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names 3C15 3C78 PKS0512-36 3C264 3C273 3C346 3C371 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------