8298( 10) - 06/22/99 11:50 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 8298 Version: 10 Check-in Date: 22-Jun-1999 11:49:12 1.Proposal Title: Binary Interaction in the Mira AB Accreting System ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Proposal For 3. Cycle GO 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Investigators Contact? PI: M. Karovska Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics CoI: Mr. Warren Hack Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Dr. Brian Wood Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory N CoI: Dr. John Raymond Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory N CoI: Dr. Edward Guinan Villanova University N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Abstract The Mira AB system belongs to a class of detached binaries in which a compact object accretes mass from the wind of a cool giant or supergiant. This system provides a unique laboratory for detailed study of wind accretion processes because it is the only wind-accreting binary that has been resolved with the HST and whose components can be studied individually. In 1995, we resolved this binary using the HST FOC camera images and objective prism observations. We detected significant asymmetries in the giant's atmosphere and found evidence for possible interaction with its companion. A study of the asymmetric outflow from Mira can be pivotal for understanding the early formation of asymmetries in the atmospheres and the circumstellar envelopes of planetary nebulae progenitors, because Mira-type stars are a critical link in the evolutionary path toward planetary nebulae. We propose to carry out follow up HST observations using STIS to obtain high spatial/spectral resolution ob se rvations of each component of the system. Our main scientific objectives are: 1. To further study the signatures of the interaction between Mira A and Mira B; 2. To determine if the asymmetries in Mira A are related to a bipolar outflow or structures in the extended atmosphere; 3. To carry out detailed study and modeling of the accretion processes in the system. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8298( 10) - 06/22/99 11:50 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ Our proposed STIS program consists of two separate visits, a 5 orbit visit for the MAMA observations and a 3 orbit visit for the CCD observations. There are two time constraints on our observing program: 1. We would like to observe Mira near the Mira A minimum light, allowing for a more meaningful comparison with the 1995 FOC observations also taken at minimum. 2. We would like to orient the STIS slit on Mira A perpendicular to the direction of Mira B. Neither constraint is especially rigid, so we will determine the best compromise between the two. Because of its cool temperature Mira A should always be brighter than Mira B in the CCD's unfiltered bandpass even when it is at minimum. Thus, we can acquire Mira A with the CCD without difficulty, although we will use the neutral density filter F25ND5 to reduce the brightness of the star. Although one of our goals is to resolve structures in Mira A's atmosphere and wind, for the purposes of acquisition Mira A can be acquired a s a point source. We will follow the initial acquisition of Mira A with a dispersed-light peakup into the 0.2X0.06 slit for the MAMA visit and the 52X0.05 slit for the CCD visit, using the G430M grating as the disperser. begintablehbt begincenter Table 1: Summary of MAMA Observations (Visit 1) begintabular|ccccccc| Star&Grating&Wavelength & Slit & Slit Pos.\ & Exp.\ Time & Overhead , & &Range (Angstrom)& & (arcsecs) & (min) & (min) , Mira A & E230M & 2303--3111 & 0.2X0.06 & 0.00 & 10 & 8 , Mira A & E230M & 2303--3111 & 0.2X0.06 &--0.09 & 30 & 0.5 , Mira A & E230M & 2303--3111 & 0.2X0.06 &--0.06 & 20 & 0.5 , Mira A & E230M & 2303--3111 & 0.2X0.06 &--0.03 & 15 & 0.5 , Mira A & E230M & 2303--3111 & 0.2X0.06 & +0.03 & 15 & 0.5 , Mira A & E230M & 2303--3111 & 0.2X0.06 & +0.06 & 20 & 0.5 , Mira A & E230M & 2303--3111 & 0.2X0.06 & +0.09 & 30 & 0.5 , Mira B & E230M & 2303--3111 & 0.2X0.2 & 0.00 & 5 & 8 , Mira B & E140M & 1123--1710 & 0.2X0.2 & 0.00 & 3 0 & 8 , endtabular endcenter endtable Our proposed STIS/M AMA observations are summarized in Table 1. They consist primarily of a sequence of E230M spectra of Mira A obtained at 7 different slit positions. The most important lines in this spectral region are the Mg II h and k lines at 2800 Angstrom, although the echelle spectra will also contain the Fe II and C II lines detected from Mira A by Karovska et al.\ (1997) using very low resolution FOC prism data. We base our exposure times on the Mg II flux observed for Mira A by Karovska et al.\ (1997), and on the Mg II line widths of ~ 1 Angstrom\ observed for the Mira variable S Carinae from IUE data (Bookbinder et al.\ 1989). For the 10 minute observation in Table 1 where the slit is centered on the star we expect to achieve S/N~ 18 at the center of the Mg II lines. Because of the expected decrease in Mg II flux as the slit is moved further from the star, we increase the exposure times for the other slit positions, but it is difficult to know exactly what the S/N will be for th os e spectra since we do not know how far Mg II emission extends from the star. After the E230M observations of Mira A are complete we will offset to Mira B, which is only sim0.6^ away. For Mira B, which is significantly brighter in the UV than Mira A, we will obtain moderate resolution E230M and E140M spectra, covering both the near UV and far UV spectral regions. Expected fluxes for lines in this region are provided by IUE data (Reimers & Cassatella 1985). We expect to reach S/N~ 20 at line center for the Mg II h and k lines in the E230M spectrum, and S/N~ 10 for the C IV lines at 1550 Angstrom\ in the E140M observation. Many other lines should be detected at somewhat lower S/N in both spectra. The total exposure time plus overhead for the observations in Table 1 is 202 min. To this must be added the times for guide star acquisition (7 min), guide star reacquisition for 4 orbits (4*6=24 min), initial target acquisition and then peakup into the 0.2X0.06 slit (6+6=12 m in ), two additional WAVE observations that must be made for t he E230M sequence due to its length (2* 4=8 min), one slit change (1 min), and 7 positional offsets (7* 0.33=2.33 min). The final total is 256.33 min, which is enough to fit into the time available in 5 orbits (5* 52=260 min). begintablehtb begincenter Table 2: Summary of CCD Observations (Visit 2) begintabular|ccccccc| Star&Grating &Wavelength & Slit & Slit Pos.\ & Exp.\ Time & Overhead , &or Filter&Range (Angstrom)& & (arcsecs) & (min) & (min) , Mira A &F28X50OIII& 5003--5009 & ... & ... & 1 & 5.5 , Mira A &F28X50OIII& 5003--5009 & ... & ... & 1 & 2 , Mira A &F28X50OIII& 5003--5009 & ... & ... & 1 & 2 , Mira A &F28X50OIII& 5003--5009 & ... & ... & 1 & 2 , Mira A & G430M & 3280--3566 & 52X0.05 & 0.000 & 2 & 6 , Mira A & G430M & 3280--3566 & 52X0.05 &--0.100 & 17 & 2 , Mira A & G430M & 3280--3566 & 52X0.05 &--0.075 & 12 & 2 , Mira A & G430M & 3280--3566 & 52X0.05 &--0.050 & 7 & 2 , Mira A & G430M & 3280--3566 & 52X0.05 &--0.025 & 4 & 2 , Mi ra A & G430M & 3280--3566 & 52X0.05 & +0.025 & 4 & 2 , Mira A & G430M & 3280--3566 & 52X0.05 & +0.050 & 7 & 2 , Mira A & G430M & 3280--3566 & 52X0.05 & +0.075 & 12 & 2 , Mira A & G430M & 3280 --3566 & 52X0.05 & +0.100 & 17 & 2 , endtabular endcenter endtable Our proposed STIS/CCD observations are summarized in Table 2. All of the observations will be with the CR-SPLIT=2 option to correct for cosmic rays. After acquisition is complete, we will take a series of four images with the F28X50OIII filter dithered by half a pixel between each image. By combining the four images into a single image we will better sample the PSF, with an effective pixel size of 0.025^ . The remaining observations consist of a sequence of G430M spectra taken at 11 different slit positions. As was the case for the E230M observations described above, we base the exposure times on the fluxes in the 3280--3566 Angstrom\ spectral region observed by Karovska et al.\ (1997). To the times listed in Table 2 must be added the times for guide star acquisition (7 min), guide star reacquisition for 2 orbits (2* 6=12 min), initial target acquisition and then peakup into the 52X0.05 slit (6+6=12 min), one additional WAVE observation (1.5 min), and 8 positional offsets (8* 0.33=2.66 min). The final tally is 154.66 min, which fits into the time available in 3 orbits (3* 52=156 min). Real Time Justification ----------------------- There are two time constraints on our observing program: 1. We would like to observe near Mira A minimum (August- September 1999), allowing comparison with the 1995 FOC observations also taken at minimum. 2. We would like to orient the STIS slit on Mira A perpendicular to the direction of Mira B. However, neither constraint is especially rigid, so we will chose the best compromise between the two. In support of the HST observations we plan to carry out coordinated ground-based photometric observations. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8298( 10) - 06/22/99 11:50 - [ 3] Data Distribution Paper Products: NO Media: ELECTRONIC Blocking Factor: 10 Ship To: PI_Address Ship Via: Email: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8298( 10) - 06/22/99 11:50 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HD14386 STAR, M III-I, LONG RA=2H 19M 20.79S +/- 0.05S, DEC= J2000 V = +64 V = 8.5+/-1.5 PERIOD VARIABLE, -2D 58' 37.4" +/- 0.5" B-V = 1.42+/-0.20 PULSATING VARIABLE, TYPE=M5III SHOCK FRONT F-CONT(3000)=1.0+/-0.6e-14 F-LINE(2803)=5.0+/-3.0e-13 W-LINE(2803)=0.5+/-0.1 F-CONT(3600)=2.0+/-1.2e-14 F-CONT(5006)=3.5+/-2.0e-13 Comments: Coordinates are from the Hipparcos Output Catalog. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1991.25 0.0007 -0.2395 0.0078 2 MIRA-B STAR, ACCRETION DISK R=0.578", PA=108.3D, FROM 1 J2000 V = +64 V = 9+/-1 F-CONT(3000)=3.0+/-1.0e-13 F-CONT(1600)=3.0+/-1.0e-14 F-LINE(2803)=7.0+/-2.0e-12 W-LINE(2803)=2.5+/-0.4 F-LINE(1550)=2.0+/-0.5e-12 W-LINE(1550)=2.0+/-0.5 8298( 10) - 06/22/99 11:50 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 33D TO 93D PERIOD 332 D AND ZERO-PHASE JD2448160.000000 ORIENT 213D TO 273D SCHED 50% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 HD14386 STIS/C ACQ F25ND3 MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 0.4 S PHASE 0.45 TO 0.75 CD ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 HD14386 STIS/C ACQ/PEA 0.2X0.0 G430L 4300 1 3 S ONBOARD ACQ FOR 30-110 CD K 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 HD14386 STIS/N ACCUM 0.2X0.0 E230M 2707 1 10 M UV-MAM 6 A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 35 HD14386 STIS/N ACCUM 0.2X0.0 E230M 2707 1 15 M POS TARG -0.03, 0.0 UV-MAM 6 A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 HD14386 STIS/N ACCUM 0.2X0.0 E230M 2707 1 30 M POS TARG 0.09, 0.0 UV-MAM 6 A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45 HD14386 STIS/N ACCUM 0.2X0.0 E230M 2707 1 15 M POS TARG 0.03, 0.0 UV-MAM 6 A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 50 HD14386 STIS/N ACCUM 0.2X0.0 E230M 2707 1 20 M POS TARG -0.06, 0.0 UV-MAM 6 A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80 HD14386 STIS/N ACCUM 0.2X0.0 E230M 2707 1 20 M POS TARG 0.06, 0.0 UV-MAM 6 A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 90 HD14386 STIS/N ACCUM 0.2X0.0 E230M 2707 1 50 M POS TARG -0.09, 0.0 UV-MAM 6 A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100 MIRA-B STIS/N ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E230M 2707 1 10 M UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 110 MIRA-B STIS/F ACCUM 0.2X0.2 E140M 1425 1 35 M UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8298( 10) - 06/22/99 11:50 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 33D TO 93D ORIENT 213D TO 273D PERIOD 332 D AND ZERO-PHASE JD2448160.000000 SCHED 50% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 HD14386 STIS/C ACQ F25ND3 MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 0.4 S ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20-30 CD PHASE 0.45 TO 0.75 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 HD14386 STIS/C ACCUM F28X50O MIRROR PATTERN=SPIRAL-DITH,NUM-POS=4, 1 1 S CD III STEP-SIZE=0.025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 HD14386 STIS/C ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 3 S ONBOARD ACQ FOR 40-120 CD K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 HD14386 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.05 G430M 3423 1 3 M CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45 HD14386 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.05 G430M 3423 1 14 M POS TARG -0.075, 0.0 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 50 HD14386 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.05 G430M 3423 1 18 M POS TARG -0.1, 0.0 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70 HD14386 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.05 G430M 3423 1 8 M POS TARG -0.05, 0.0 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80 HD14386 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.05 G430M 3423 1 5 M POS TARG -0.025, 0.0 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 90 HD14386 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.05 G430M 3423 1 5 M POS TARG 0.025, 0.0 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100 HD14386 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.05 G430M 3423 1 8 M POS TARG 0.05, 0.0 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 110 HD14386 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.05 G430M 3423 1 16 M POS TARG 0.075, 0.0 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 120 HD14386 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.05 G430M 3423 1 22 M POS TARG 0.1, 0.0 CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8298( 10) - 06/22/99 11:50 - [ 7] Summary Form for Proposal 8298 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures F25ND3 0.2X0.06 0.2X0.2 F28X50OIII 52X0.05 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD STIS/NUV-MAMA STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ ACQ/PEAK ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ACQTYPE=POINT STEP-SIZE=0.025 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ORIENT 33D TO 93D PERIOD 332 D AND ZERO-PHASE JD2448160.000000 ORIENT 213D TO 273D SCHED 50% PHASE 0.45 TO 0.75 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 30-110 POS TARG -0.03, 0.0 POS TARG 0.09, 0.0 POS TARG 0.03, 0.0 POS TARG -0.06, 0.0 POS TARG 0.06, 0.0 POS TARG -0.09, 0.0 ORIENT 33D TO 93D ORIENT 213D TO 273D PERIOD 332 D AND ZERO-PHASE JD2448160.000000 SCHED 50% ONBOARD ACQ FOR 20-30 PHASE 0.45 TO 0.75 ONBOARD ACQ FOR 40-120 POS TARG -0.075, 0.0 POS TARG -0.1, 0.0 POS TARG -0.05, 0.0 POS TARG -0.025, 0.0 POS TARG 0.025, 0.0 POS TARG 0.05, 0.0 POS TARG 0.075, 0.0 POS TARG 0.1, 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements MIRROR G430L E230M E140M G430M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HD14386 MIRA-B ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wavelengths 4300 2707 1425 3423 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------