8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 8561 Version: 3 Check-in Date: 22-Aug-2000 10:16:08 1.Proposal Title: The Ionizing Flux from Star-Forming Galaxies ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Proposal For 3. Cycle GO 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Investigators Contact? PI: Matthew Malkan University of California - Los Angeles CoI: Dr. Wayne Webb University of California N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Abstract Meaningful upper limits on the amount of ionizing radiation from galaxies in the current epoch have been obtained (by HUT) for only 3 galaxies. The contribution of normal galaxies to the cosmic UV background flux is even more uncertain at earlier times. We propose to determine the emission of normal, intermediate-redshift, star- forming galaxies in the FUV. If their average escaping ionizing flux is even 1/10 of their strong mid-UV flux, they are a comparable or even larger source of the background than AGN. Even a small contribution from the numerous normal galaxies has far-reaching implications for the strength, spectrum, and spatial homogeneity of the diffuse ionizing flux. This ionization controls the properties of the young IGM, from the Ly-alpha forest to protogalaxies. The STIS/FUV-MAMA imager can provide an extremely sensitive measurement of the pure Lyman- limit continuum from the brightest galaxies at 1.1 <= z <= 1.7. Our integrations will be deep enough to provide detections or highly significant (50Sigma) upper limits, for more than three times as many galaxies as have been previously published (and those were only at low redshift). If the average ratio of Lyman limit/mid-UV fluxes is even as small as a few percent, these proposed observations will underlinedetect it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ Several possibilities exist by which normal galaxies could be significant cosmic contributors of ionizing photons: a) most galaxies emit below their Lyman limits, but at only a small fraction of their mid-UV luminosities; b) most of them emit virtually no Lyman continuum photons except along a few, unusually clear lines-of-sight; or c) most of them emit virtually no Lyman continuum photons whatsoever, but a special minority of (irregular, disturbed?) galaxies do emit them in many directions. We propose a combined ``deep" and ``broad" imaging study to test for each of these possibilities. Deep integrations on only a few objects are required to detect the Lyman continuum in hypothesis a), while a broad survey of many galaxies (each of which samples one line-of-sight, to Earth) is needed for testing hypotheses b) and c). We have searched the literature for all known non- active galaxies at spectroscopically confirmed redshifts in the range 1.1 to 1.7. We have selected bright, B~23.0, normal galaxies at sufficient redshift (z > 1.1) that only their light blueward of the Lyman limit will be detected by the STIS FUVMAMA. The cathode will not detect any light redward of the Lyman limit because of the instrument's steep cutoff at Lambda >= 1925 Angstrom. Red leak is not a problem at the flux levels we are observing. A maximum redshift of z = 1.7 was chosen to minimize effects of intergalactic absorption. We avoided all targets that might be active galaxies based upon the presence of high-ionization emission lines (i.e., other than OII 3727). We further selected among the candidates based upon colors, since the sensitivity of our search is directly proportional to the strength of the flux emitted just longward of the Lyman limit. We propose to observe 11 galaxies, integrating three times longer (to test hypothesis a) on our two brightest and bluest candidates. Our sample size of 11 is also designed to provide us with a variety of target types at random orientations, which will more than triple the number of galaxies for which meaningful measurements beyond the Lyman limit have been made. We note that the FUVMAMA observations in the HDF did not accomplish our science goals. There are only four HDF galaxies known to have redshifts in the appropriate range. All but one of these are fainter than our targets and do not, in fact, even fall within the small fields-of-view of the FUVMAMA observations. Similarly, two Cycle 8 programs (\# 8180 & 8311) do not accomplish our goal. Both programs observed only galaxies at low redshifts ( 0.2 <= z <= 0.7). The spectroscopy (of 3 galaxies) is far less sensitive than our direct imaging. The imaging program (short exposures of 4 galaxies) is unable to separate reliably the ionizing photons from the much larger flux of non-ionizing photons, since both are included in the FUV-MAMA bandpass at low redshift. We will also obtain deep ground-based U-band images of these targets to accompany our STIS FUV images. These data will further establish the (unabsorbed) ``baseline" continuum strength and shape (in the rest frame mid-UV) which we will compare with the STIS FUV flux or upper limit. In Cycle 10, any newly detected STIS targets, not previously imaged by WFPC2, will be imaged to refine the spectral and spatial distribution of the flux. In estimating exposure times, we assumed a rest-frame 2000 -- 900Angstrom continuum \propto nu^-1.0, which corresponds to a moderately aged and moderately reddened starburst galaxy (e.g., Pettini 1997). If the galaxy is younger or less dusty (as the blue B-I colors suggest), the intrinsic spectrum could be as blue as L_Nu \propto nu^0, and the observations will be easier than we have estimated (or the corresponding upper limits we determine will be stricter). Based upon existing WFPC2 imagery available for a few of these targets, the FWHM~ 0.5 arc seconds (Lubin et al. 1998). For the remaining sources, ground-based imagery reveals them to be only marginally resolved (Cowie et al. 1995). In addition, HST (Brinchmann et al.\ 1998) has measured galaxies at z > 0.5 that usually have FWHM <= 0.5 arcseconds. In imaging mode, the MAMAFUV pixels are 0.024 arc seconds. We assume that half of the light from our source will fall within a circular aperture of 0.5 arc seconds diameter, covering approximately 380 pixels. Using the STIS exposure time calculator, with low-background time when the Earth is in Shadow, we found our highest S/N using the SrF_2 filter. On a typical B~23.0 target, we will achieve a S/N = 2.8 for the central 4 pixels in 6000 seconds (or 2 non-CVZ orbits). Using photon statistics over multiple pixels to confirm the detection, summing over the 380 pixels of the central core of the galaxy will then raise our detection of the unabsorbed FUV continuum to 54Sigma. In other words, if the ionizing flux is only 2\ we should still manage to detect it. We propose to observe the two brightest targets, with V~22.0, for four orbits (12000 seconds). Making the same assumptions we obtain a S/N of 5.7 in the central 4 pixels. Summing over the 380 pixels of the galaxy will then raise our detection of the unabsorbed FUV continuum to 110Sigma. We will be able to detect the Lyman continuum emission even if it is only 1\ In the most pessimistic case, all of our 11 targets might yield only upper limits. This would already extend our knowledge from the current epoch across more than 2/3 of the history of the Universe, and triple the sample of galaxies measured. If we assumed that all the galaxies were similar, we could also combine the 11 upper limits into a single >= 150Sigma result. This kind of global statistical analysis could reveal if the ionizing flux from galaxies is only a few percent of their mid-UV continuum. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Our target HDF:iw4 1002 1353, in the HDF flanking field, should be observed in CVZ. Our two and three orbit integrations on CFRS 14.0154 and CFRS 14.0547, respectively, at 52 degrees 30 arcminutes declination should be observed in CVZ, if that is possible. We will obtain ground-based deep U-band images of these same galaxies. These observations need not be coordinated in time with HST. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 CFRS-14.0154 GALAXY, HIGH REDSHIFT RA=14H 18M 17.8S +/- 1", DEC=52D J2000 V = 22.64 GALAXY 26' 31" +/- 1" Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE Comments: this position is actually 3 arcsecs south and 3 arcsecs west of the targeted CFRS galaxy, to shift a field star out of the STIS FOV, for safety's sake 2 CFRS-03.1140 Galaxy, High Redshift RA=03H 2M 53.85S +/- 0.1S, J2000 Z=1.1818 V = 22.07 Galaxy DEC=00D 13' 4.0" +/- 1" Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 3 CFRS-10.0239 Galaxy, High Redshift RA=10H 0M 40.24S +/- 0.1S, J2000 Z=1.2919 V = 22.19 Galaxy DEC=25D 11' 5.0" +/- 1" Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 4 CFRS-10.1168 Galaxy, High Redshift RA=10H 0M 42.09S +/- 0.1S, J2000 Z=1.1592 V = 23.10 Galaxy DEC=25D 14' 41.0" +/- 1" Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 5 CFRS-10.1887 Galaxy, High Redshift RA=10H 0M 23.89S +/- 0.1S, J2000 Z=1.2378 V = 23.03 Galaxy DEC=25D 18' 12.0" +/- 1" Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 6 CFRS-14.0547 Galaxy, High Redshift RA=14H 18M 3.47S +/- 0.1S, J2000 Z=1.16 V = 21.74 Galaxy DEC=52D 30' 21.7" +/- 1" Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 7 CFRS-22.1153 Galaxy, High Redshift RA=22H 17M 40.60S +/- 0.1S, J2000 Z=1.3118 V = 22.53 Galaxy DEC=00D 18' 21.8" +/- 1" Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 8 SSA-22-16 GALAXY, HIGH REDSHIFT RA=22H 17M 36.6S +/- 0.2S, J2000 B = 23.1+/-0.4 GALAXY DEC=00D 14' 41.0" +/- 2" V = 23.6+/-0.5 Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 9 LDSS2-10.288 Galaxy, High Redshift RA=10H 46M 32.85S +/- 0.1S, DEC= J2000 Z=1.108 B = 23.17 Galaxy -00D 11' 41.6" +/- 1" V = 23.37 Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 10 HDF-IW4- Galaxy, High Redshift RA=12H 36M 27.240S +/- 0.1S, J2000 Z=1.221 V = 23.08 1002.1353 Galaxy DEC=62D 12' 58.90" +/- 1" Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 11 C1- Galaxy, High Redshift RA=00H 23M 51.00S +/- 0.1S, J2000 Z=1.1074 V = 22.61 J0023+0423- Galaxy DEC=04D 23' .0" +/- 1" LPO98A-022 Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 28-Jul-2000 AND 04-Aug-2000 BETWEEN 23-Feb-2001 AND 16-Mar-2001 BETWEEN 16-Apr-2001 AND 22-May-2001 BETWEEN 29-Jun-2001 AND 09-Jul-2001 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 CFRS-14.015 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1450.0 1 2900 S 4 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 CFRS-14.015 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1550.0 1 3100 S 4 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 5] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 05-Oct-2000 AND 03-Dec-2000 BETWEEN 16-Sep-2001 AND 10-Nov-2001 BETWEEN 25-Nov-2001 AND 30-Nov-2001 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21 CFRS-03.114 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1325.0 1 2650 S 0 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 CFRS-03.114 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1450.0 1 2900 S 0 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 CFRS-03.114 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1450.0 1 2900 S 0 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 CFRS-03.114 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1450.0 1 2900 S 0 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 6] Visit: 03 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 11-Jan-2001 AND 21-Jan-2001 BETWEEN 03-Feb-2001 AND 08-Feb-2001 BETWEEN 10-Feb-2001 AND 07-Mar-2001 BETWEEN 09-Mar-2001 AND 03-Apr-2001 BETWEEN 05-Apr-2001 AND 10-Apr-2001 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 31 CFRS-10.023 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1350.0 1 2700 S 9 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 32 CFRS-10.023 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1450.0 1 2900 S 9 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 7] Visit: 04 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 04-Feb-2001 AND 06-Mar-2001 BETWEEN 09-Mar-2001 AND 09-Apr-2001 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41 CFRS-10.116 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1350.0 1 2700 S 8 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42 CFRS-10.116 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1450.0 1 2900 S 8 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 8] Visit: 05 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 11-Jan-2001 AND 21-Jan-2001 BETWEEN 04-Feb-2001 AND 06-Mar-2001 BETWEEN 09-Mar-2001 AND 10-Apr-2001 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 CFRS-10.188 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1350.0 1 2700 S 7 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52 CFRS-10.188 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1450.0 1 2900 S 7 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 9] Visit: 06 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 28-Jul-2000 AND 03-Aug-2000 BETWEEN 20-Nov-2000 AND 23-Nov-2000 BETWEEN 23-Feb-2001 AND 15-Mar-2001 BETWEEN 16-Apr-2001 AND 22-May-2001 BETWEEN 29-Jun-2001 AND 09-Jul-2001 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 61 CFRS-14.054 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1450.0 1 2900 S 7 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 62 CFRS-14.054 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1550.0 1 3100 S 7 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 63 CFRS-14.054 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1550.0 1 3100 S 7 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 10] Visit: 07 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 17-Aug-2000 AND 19-Oct-2000 BETWEEN 23-Jul-2001 AND 19-Oct-2001 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 71 CFRS-22.115 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1325.0 1 2650 S 3 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 72 CFRS-22.115 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1350.0 1 2900 S 3 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 11] Visit: 08 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 17-Aug-2000 AND 19-Oct-2000 BETWEEN 23-Jul-2001 AND 19-Oct-2001 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 81 SSA-22-16 STIS/F ACCUM F25SRF2 MIRROR 2 2900 S UV-MAM A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 12] Visit: 09 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 27-Feb-2000 AND 01-May-2000 BETWEEN 04-Feb-2001 AND 09-Apr-2001 BETWEEN 23-Apr-2001 AND 25-Apr-2001 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 91 LDSS2-10.28 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1325.0 1 2650 S 8 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 92 LDSS2-10.28 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1450.0 1 2900 S 8 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 13] Visit: 10 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: CVZ BETWEEN 01-Apr-2000 AND 01-Jul-2000 BETWEEN 01-Nov-2000 AND 01-Jun-2001 BETWEEN 01-Oct-2001 AND 01-Feb-2002 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 101 HDF-IW4-100 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=2600.0 1 5200 S 2.1353 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 102 HDF-IW4-100 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=2575.0 1 5150 S 2.1353 UV-MAM G A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 14] Visit: 11 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 20-Aug-2000 AND 13-Sep-2000 BETWEEN 16-Sep-2000 AND 19-Oct-2000 BETWEEN 30-Oct-2000 AND 07-Nov-2000 BETWEEN 10-Nov-2000 AND 02-Dec-2000 BETWEEN 06-Sep-2001 AND 30-Sep-2001 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 111 C1-J0023+04 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1325.0 1 2650 S 23-LPO98A-0 UV-MAM G 22 A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 112 C1-J0023+04 STIS/F TIME-TA F25SRF2 MIRROR BUFFER-TIME=1425.0 1 2850 S 23-LPO98A-0 UV-MAM G 22 A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8561( 3) - 08/22/00 10:17 - [ 15] Summary Form for Proposal 8561 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures F25SRF2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes TIME-TAG ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=1450.0 BUFFER-TIME=1550.0 BUFFER-TIME=1325.0 BUFFER-TIME=1350.0 BUFFER-TIME=2600.0 BUFFER-TIME=2575.0 BUFFER-TIME=1425.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 28-Jul-2000 AND 04-Aug-2000 BETWEEN 23-Feb-2001 AND 16-Mar-2001 BETWEEN 16-Apr-2001 AND 22-May-2001 BETWEEN 29-Jun-2001 AND 09-Jul-2001 BETWEEN 05-Oct-2000 AND 03-Dec-2000 BETWEEN 16-Sep-2001 AND 10-Nov-2001 BETWEEN 25-Nov-2001 AND 30-Nov-2001 BETWEEN 11-Jan-2001 AND 21-Jan-2001 BETWEEN 03-Feb-2001 AND 08-Feb-2001 BETWEEN 10-Feb-2001 AND 07-Mar-2001 BETWEEN 09-Mar-2001 AND 03-Apr-2001 BETWEEN 05-Apr-2001 AND 10-Apr-2001 BETWEEN 04-Feb-2001 AND 06-Mar-2001 BETWEEN 09-Mar-2001 AND 09-Apr-2001 BETWEEN 11-Jan-2001 AND 21-Jan-2001 BETWEEN 04-Feb-2001 AND 06-Mar-2001 BETWEEN 09-Mar-2001 AND 10-Apr-2001 BETWEEN 28-Jul-2000 AND 03-Aug-2000 BETWEEN 20-Nov-2000 AND 23-Nov-2000 BETWEEN 23-Feb-2001 AND 15-Mar-2001 BETWEEN 16-Apr-2001 AND 22-May-2001 BETWEEN 29-Jun-2001 AND 09-Jul-2001 BETWEEN 17-Aug-2000 AND 19-Oct-2000 BETWEEN 23-Jul-2001 AND 19-Oct-2001 BETWEEN 27-Feb-2000 AND 01-May-2000 BETWEEN 04-Feb-2001 AND 09-Apr-2001 BETWEEN 23-Apr-2001 AND 25-Apr-2001 CVZ BETWEEN 01-Apr-2000 AND 01-Jul-2000 BETWEEN 01-Nov-2000 AND 01-Jun-2001 BETWEEN 01-Oct-2001 AND 01-Feb-2002 BETWEEN 20-Aug-2000 AND 13-Sep-2000 BETWEEN 16-Sep-2000 AND 19-Oct-2000 BETWEEN 30-Oct-2000 AND 07-Nov-2000 BETWEEN 10-Nov-2000 AND 02-Dec-2000 BETWEEN 06-Sep-2001 AND 30-Sep-2001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names CFRS-14.0154 CFRS-03.1140 CFRS-10.0239 CFRS-10.1168 CFRS-10.1887 CFRS-14.0547 CFRS-22.1153 SSA-22-16 LDSS2-10.288 HDF-IW4-1002.1353 C1-J0023+0423-LPO98A-022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------