8605( 3) - 05/09/00 06:17 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 8605 Version: 3 Check-in Date: 09-May-2000 06:15:41 1.Proposal Title: Stellar-Dynamical Measurements of the Black Hole Masses of Reverberation-Mapped AGN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Proposal For 3. Cycle GO 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Investigators Contact? PI: Gary Bower National Optical Astronomy Observatories, AURA CoI: Dr. Amri Wandel The Hebrew University of Jerusalem N CoI: Prof. Timothy Heckman The Johns Hopkins University N CoI: Prof. Bradley Peterson Ohio State University N CoI: Prof. Alex Filippenko University of California, Berkeley N CoI: Dr. Aaron Barth Harvard-Smithsonian N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Abstract The broad emission line regions of 20 AGN have been successfully reverberation mapped in intensive international monitoring campaigns, allowing model dependent determinations of the central mass. This determination depends on the hypothesis that the dynamics in this gas are dominated by gravity, consistent with the detection of the expected Keplerian decline in velocity with radius in the best studied case (NGC5548). However, when normalized by the bulge mass of the host galaxy, the central masses in these 20 AGN are over an order of magnitude less massive than the compact dark masses found in normal galaxies. If the masses determined by reverberation mapping can be independently verified, this technique could potentially be used to measure the evolution in the masses of the population of supermassive black holes over cosmic time and determine these masses in radio- quiet and radio-loud AGN spanning a huge range in luminosity. We therefore propose to use STIS to measure the stellar dynamics in the type 1 Seyfert nucleus in NGC3227, in which the measurements will be the most straightforward by far. If the reverberation mapped mass is correct, we will see its dynamical signature in these new data. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8605( 3) - 05/09/00 06:17 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ def\undertext#1 \smash\vphantomy #1 = 5em plus5em minus5em vbox def\ssrule def\msrule \medskip def\mmrule \medskip \medskip Newdimen setbox0= 0 =\wd0 `?=\active def?\kern Newdimen setbox1= ^a =\wd1 `.=\active def.\kern Newdimen\minuswidth setbox2= - \minuswidth=\wd2 `@=\active def@\kern\minuswidth to 7.5 true in#&& # Multispan2 TABLE 1 Multispan2 Nuclear Properties of the Type 1 Seyfert Galaxy NGC3227 \msrule\ssrule Property & Value \msrule Morph type & SAB(s) pec D (Mpc) & 21 PA (stars) (degrees) & 155 SMBH (M_\odot) & 4.9 * 10^7 V_AGN^a (mag) & 14.6 mu_V^s(0sec point25) (mag/''^2) & 15.1 Profile type^b & \setminus EW(Ca II Lambda 8542) (Angstrom) & 2.8 C_s (e^- s^-1 pix_lambda^-1 pix_s^-1) & 1.98 * 10^ -2 C_ns (e^- s^-1 pix_lambda^-1) & 8.3 * 10^-3 S/N & 0.112t^0.5 t_exp (sec) & 3.5 * 10^4 t_ovhd (min) & 230 t_total (min) & 820 N_orbit & 15 \msrule ^aMalkan & Filippenko 1983, ApJ, 275, 477 ^b\setminus = power law profile The nucleus will be acquired using standard STIS acquisition procedures to center it behind the 0sec point4 occulting bar (52 * 0.2$F1) to block the strong (mostly nonstellar) light from the nucleus. This allows for long exposures to detect the absorption lines from the stars surrounding the nucleus without saturating the nucleus on the CCD. The slit will be placed along the axis of maximum rotation amplitude, whose position angle, PA (stars), is given in Table 1. We have verified that this constraint on spacecraft orientation does not result in an unschedulable observation. This slit width is sufficiently narrow to resolve the kinematic features expected yet large enough to yield reasonable integration times. The G750M grating tilt will be set so that the wavelength coverage is 8275 Angstrom \ - 8847 Angstrom. The slit width of 0sec point2 provides a wavelength resolution of 2.2 Angstrom \ = 78 km s^-1, assuming uniform illumination of the slit. The count rate for the diffuse stellar light is given by C_s = I_Lambda^s S_Lambda^d, where I_Lambda^s is the intensity of the stellar light and S_Lambda^d is the diffuse source sensitivity at 8500 Angstrom. S_Lambda^d is equal to the point source sensitivity S_Lambda^p = 7.2 * 10^14 counts s^-1 pix^-1 per incident unit of intensity (given in the STIS handbook) times the pixel size (0sec point05) times the slit width of 0sec point2. The count rate in the nonstellar continuum also needs to be determined since it is a source of noise. It is given by C_ns = F_lambda^ns S_Lambda^p T_Lambda Epsilon_f, where F_lambda^ns is the nonstellar flux, T_Lambda = 0.75 is the slit transmission, and Epsilon_f = 0.22 is the encircled energy of the LSF contained within 1 pixel along the spatial axis of the CCD. Using the occulting bar means that C_ns will be much lower since the bar blocks 98\ nucleus. For our proposed observation, read noise and sky noise are insignificant. Thus, an absorption line would have S/N = C_s t/((C_s + C_ns + d)t)^0.5, where d is the dark current of 0.003 e^- s^-1 pix^- 1. Monte Carlo simulations with our program for measuring stellar kinematics (the Fourier Correlation Quotient method) show that achieving 10\ 30 AA^- 1. For 0.56 Angstrom/pixel, this corresponds to S/N ~ 21 pix^-1. Table 1 lists the results of these exposure time calculations. The intensity of the stellar light at 8500 Angstrom \ has been calculated from that at V given in Table 1. We have assumed an old stellar population, which has (V-I) ~ 1.4, and we have assumed that the AGN spectral shape from 5500 Angstrom \ to 8500 Angstrom \ is F_Nu \propto nu^-1. For the calculation of overhead time t_ovhd, we have included STScI's constraint that all visits have a maximum of five orbits to avoid oversubscription of long contiguous observing windows between SAA passages. The result of this is that observing programs with long integration times must be split into several five orbit visits. Additional overhead time is required because the target must be reacquired for each visit. Saving and reusing the offsets from the guide stars is not generally possible because all visits would then be required to be executed within a few days. Real Time Justification ----------------------- While the earth occults the target, we will obtain contemporaneous internal flatfields, so that the effect of the ~ 10\ We have extensive experience with this instrumental correction using this type of calibration data from program 7350. We do not need to obtain any stellar template spectra, which are required during data analysis. Four stellar template spectra have been obtained during cycle 7 in this same STIS observing mode covering the CaII triplet. Ground- based observations of the stellar kinematics in the bulge are required for constructing dynamical models. Such data for NGC3227 have been published by Nelson & Whittle (1995). If we need further ground-based observations, we will utilize our guaranteed access to Apache Point, MDM, and Lick Observatories. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8605( 3) - 05/09/00 06:17 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC3227 GALAXY; SPIRAL; SEYFERT RA = 10H 23M 30.542S +/- 0.035S, J2000.0 V = 1157 SURF(V) = 15.1+/-0.2 DEC = +19D 51' 53.24" +/- 0.5", B-V = 0.82+/-0.1 PLATE-ID=026A Coordinate Source: HST_IMAGE 8605( 3) - 05/09/00 06:17 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: PCS MODE F; ORIENT 198.3D TO 204.3D; ORIENT 18.3D TO 24.3D; SCHED 100% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: The slit position angle must be 155 +/- 3 degrees. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3227 STIS/C ACQ F28X50L MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 5 S CD P Comments: Acquire the target. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 390 S MAX DUR CD Comments: Spectrum with 52X0.2 to measure PSF and nuclear spectrum. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 NGC3227 STIS/C ACQ/PEA 52X0.2F MIRROR 1 3 S CD K 1-R Comments: Acquire the target at the reference point on the slit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 50 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F MIRROR CR-SPLIT=2 1 6 S MAX DUR CD 1 Comments: Obtain a confirmation image of the final pointing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 55 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 660 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 57 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2555 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2555 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 90 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8605( 3) - 05/09/00 06:17 - [ 5] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 95 NGC3227 STIS/C ACQ/PEA 52X0.2F MIRROR 1 3 S CD K 1-R Comments: Re-center at the start of the fourth orbit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2100 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 110 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 120 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2600 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 130 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8605( 3) - 05/09/00 06:17 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: PCS MODE F; SAME ORIENT AS 01; SCHED 100% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: The slit position angle must be 155 +/- 3 degrees. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3227 STIS/C ACQ F28X50L MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 5 S CD P Comments: Acquire the target. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3227 STIS/C ACQ/PEA 52X0.2F MIRROR 1 3 S CD K 1-R Comments: Acquire the target at the reference point on the slit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F MIRROR CR-SPLIT=2 1 6 S MAX DUR CD 1 Comments: Obtain a confirmation image of the final pointing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 1770 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 50 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2550 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2550 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 90 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 95 NGC3227 STIS/C ACQ/PEA 52X0.2F MIRROR 1 3 S CD K 1-R Comments: Re-center at the start of the fourth orbit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2100 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 110 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8605( 3) - 05/09/00 06:17 - [ 7] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 120 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2560 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 130 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8605( 3) - 05/09/00 06:17 - [ 8] Visit: 03 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: PCS MODE F; SAME ORIENT AS 01; SCHED 100% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: The slit position angle must be 155 +/- 3 degrees. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC3227 STIS/C ACQ F28X50L MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 5 S CD P Comments: Acquire the target. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 NGC3227 STIS/C ACQ/PEA 52X0.2F MIRROR 1 3 S CD K 1-R Comments: Acquire the target at the reference point on the slit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F MIRROR CR-SPLIT=2 1 6 S MAX DUR CD 1 Comments: Obtain a confirmation image of the final pointing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 1780 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 50 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2550 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2550 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 90 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 95 NGC3227 STIS/C ACQ/PEA 52X0.2F MIRROR 1 3 S CD K 1-R Comments: Re-center at the start of the fourth orbit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2100 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 110 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8605( 3) - 05/09/00 06:17 - [ 9] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 120 NGC3227 STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 CR-SPLIT=2 1 2560 S EXPAND; END ORBIT CD 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 130 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2F G750M 8561 GAIN=4,BINAXIS1=1,BINAXIS2=1 2 DEF CD 1 Comments: G750M Internal Flat Field Calibration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8605( 3) - 05/09/00 06:17 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 8605 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures F28X50LP 52X0.2 52X0.2F1-R 52X0.2F1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACQ ACCUM ACQ/PEAK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ACQTYPE=POINT CR-SPLIT=2 BINAXIS2=1 BINAXIS1=1 GAIN=4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PCS MODE F; ORIENT 198.3D TO 204.3D; ORIENT 18.3D TO 24.3D; SCHED 100% MAX DUR EXPAND; END ORBIT PCS MODE F; SAME ORIENT AS 01; SCHED 100% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements MIRROR G750M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names NGC3227 CCDFLAT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wavelengths 8561 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------