8804( 5) - 07/07/00 12:47 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 8804 Version: 5 Check-in Date: 07-Jul-2000 12:46:36 1.Proposal Title: A Survey of Gravitational Lenses as Cosmological Tools III ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Proposal For 3. Cycle GO 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Investigators Contact? PI: Emilio Falco Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics CoI: Dr. Chris Impey University of Arizona N CoI: Dr. Hans-Walter Rix University of Arizona N CoI: Dr. Charles Keeton University of Arizona N CoI: Dr. Chris Kochanek Harvard-Center for Astrophysics N CoI: Dr. Joseph Lehar Harvard-Center for Astrophysics N CoI: Dr. Brian McLeod Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory N CoI: Dr. Jose Munoz Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory N CoI: Chien Peng University of Arizona N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Abstract The 60 known gravitational lenses are a unique, mass-selected sample of galaxies, and their properties encode an enormous range of astrophysical information. The numbers of lenses and their distribution in separation, lens and source redshift determine both the cosmological model ($\Omega_0$, $\Lambda_0$) and the mass function of galaxies and its evolution. Detailed studies of lenses with time delay measurements yield estimates of the Hubble constant $H_0$. By comparing the mass distribution determined from the lensed images to HST optical photometry, we measure the mass-to-light ratios of lens galaxies and their evolution to $z \sim 1$, their luminosity function, and the relationship between the mass and luminosity distributions in galaxies. We can use the wavelength dependence of the flux ratios between the images to measure the extinction and extinction laws in the lens galaxies. Quantitatively, these goals require HST, the only instrument with the essential resolution and sensitivity given the small angular sizes and typical redshifts of lens systems. With uniform, multi-band HST data we can pursue all these goals {\it simultaneously}, making valuable independent measurements in cosmology and as a unique probe of galaxies and their evolution based on mass rather than light. We request 30 orbits using WFPC2 with F555W and F814W to observe 15 lens systems. We request that the data be made public immediately. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8804( 5) - 07/07/00 12:47 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ We propose to observe 8 gravitational lenses with WFPC2 using the V (F555W) or I (F814W) filters, to fill in missing or inadequate VIH photometry for CASTLES targets. If the NICMOS repair mission proceeds, we will be able to complete the NICMOS photometry in Cycle 9, although that is not a requirement to accomplish the majority of our goals. In the original CASTLES proposal we included WFPC2 V and I observations only if there were no existing images. Many of these non- CASTLES images were fractional-orbit, multiple- filter snapshots that were adequate for demonstrating that the systems were gravitational lenses. Most were not dithered or adequately CR-split. Experience now shows that many of these images are completely useless for the quantitative scientific goals of the CASTLES project. The minimal orbital estimates for the new observations are predicated on being able to analyze the new and old observations simultaneously. In most cases the S/N ratio of the I (V) images will be improved by a factor of 2 (4). We designed our program to complement the CASTLES NICMOS observations. Our exposures will suffice to obtain S/N ~ 10 in the central pixels of the majority of the lens galaxies. Thus, for example, we will be able to study both the overall color and color gradients in the lens galaxies. and hot pixel removal, we plan to divide each observation into dithered exposures. Real Time Justification ----------------------- We plan to continue using ground-based optical telescopes, for additional photometry, and for follow-up spectroscopy, as required. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- Perl script rps2format V8.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Data Distribution Paper Products: NO Media: ELECTRONIC Blocking Factor: 10 Ship To: PI_Address Ship Via: Email: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8804( 5) - 07/07/00 12:47 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HST14113+521 GALAXY, GRAVITATIONAL RA=14H 11M 19.60S +/- 0.06S, J2000 V = 21.00 1 LENS DEC=+52D 11' 29.00" +/- 1.0", V-I = 1.00 PLATE-ID=003A Coordinate Source: Comments: Lensed image separation = 0.46", Lens galaxy V = 21.00 mag, NO orientation restriction 2 B1555+375 GALAXY, GRAVITATIONAL RA=15H 57M 11.93S +/- 0.06S, J2000 V = 20.00 LENS DEC=+37D 21' 35.90" +/- 1.0", V-I = 1.00 PLATE-ID=01RN Coordinate Source: Comments: Lensed image separation = 0.40", No lens galaxy, NO orientation restriction 3 FBQ1633+3134 GALAXY, GRAVITATIONAL RA=16H 33M 48.99S +/- 0.06S, J2000 V = 17.00 LENS DEC=+31D 34' 11.90" +/- 1.0", V-I = 0.00 PLATE-ID=01G4 Coordinate Source: Comments: Lensed image separation = 0.70", Lens galaxy V = 25.00 mag, NO orientation restriction 4 PKS1830-211 GALAXY, GRAVITATIONAL RA=18H 33M 39.92S +/- 0.06S, J2000 V = 22.00 LENS DEC=-21D 03' 40.50" +/- 1.0", V-I = 2.00 PLATE-ID=060A Coordinate Source: Comments: Lensed image separation = 1.00", Lens galaxy V = 22.00 mag, NO orientation restriction 5 Q1838-342 GALAXY, GRAVITATIONAL RA=18H 38M 28.50S +/- 0.06S, J2000 V = 19.00 LENS DEC=-34D 27' 41.80" +/- 1.0", V-I = 1.00 PLATE-ID=060G Coordinate Source: Comments: QSO V=19, sep=1.0". Lens V=??. Saturates in 2000s. 6 B2319+051 GALAXY, GRAVITATIONAL RA=23H 21M 40.80S +/- 0.06S, J2000 V = 20.00 LENS DEC=+05D 27' 36.40" +/- 1.0", V-I = 1.00 PLATE-ID=0100 Coordinate Source: Comments: Lensed image separation = 0.40", No lens galaxy, NO orientation restriction 7 HS0818+1227 GALAXY, GRAVITATIONAL RA=08H 21M 39.1S +/- 0.06S, J2000 V = 19.00 LENS DEC=+12D 17' 29.0" +/- 1.0", V-I = 1.00 PLATE-ID=028H Coordinate Source: Comments: QSO V=19, sep=2.1". Lens V=21. 8804( 5) - 07/07/00 12:47 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: V=20, no saturation Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 HST14113+52 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 700 S POS TARG 0.00000, 0.00000 11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 HST14113+52 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 700 S POS TARG 0.47817, 0.47817 11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 HST14113+52 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 800 S POS TARG 0.47817, 11 -0.47817 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8804( 5) - 07/07/00 12:47 - [ 5] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: V=20, no saturation Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21 B1555+375 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=DEF,ATD-GAIN=7 1 2700 S POS TARG 0.00000, 0.00000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 B1555+375 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=DEF,ATD-GAIN=7 1 2700 S POS TARG 0.47817, 0.47817 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 B1555+375 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=DEF,ATD-GAIN=7 1 2700 S SAME POS AS 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 B1555+375 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=DEF,ATD-GAIN=7 1 2700 S SAME POS AS 22 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8804( 5) - 07/07/00 12:47 - [ 6] Visit: 03 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: NO special orientation. Saturates at 350sec Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 31 FBQ1633+313 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 300 S POS TARG 0.00000, 0.00000 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 32 FBQ1633+313 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 2 300 S POS TARG 0.47817, 0.47817 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 33 FBQ1633+313 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 2 300 S POS TARG 0.47817, 4 -0.47817 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 34 FBQ1633+313 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 300 S POS TARG 0.00000, 0.00000 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 35 FBQ1633+313 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 2 300 S POS TARG -0.47817, 4 -0.47817 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36 FBQ1633+313 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 2 300 S POS TARG -0.47817, 4 0.47817 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8804( 5) - 07/07/00 12:47 - [ 7] Visit: 04 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: No saturation issue. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41 PKS1830-211 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=DEF,ATD-GAIN=7 1 2500 S POS TARG 0.00000, 0.00000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42 PKS1830-211 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=DEF,ATD-GAIN=7 1 2500 S POS TARG 0.47817, 0.47817 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8804( 5) - 07/07/00 12:47 - [ 8] Visit: 05 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: V=19, saturates in 2000s Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 Q1838-342 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 700 S POS TARG 0.00000, 0.00000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52 Q1838-342 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 700 S POS TARG 0.47817, 0.47817 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 53 Q1838-342 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 600 S POS TARG 0.47817, -0.47817 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8804( 5) - 07/07/00 12:47 - [ 9] Visit: 06 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: V=20, no saturation Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 61 B2319+051 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=DEF,ATD-GAIN=7 1 2500 S POS TARG 0.00000, 0.00000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 62 B2319+051 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=DEF,ATD-GAIN=7 1 2500 S POS TARG 0.47817, 0.47817 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 63 B2319+051 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=DEF,ATD-GAIN=7 1 2500 S SAME POS AS 61 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 64 B2319+051 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F555W CR-SPLIT=DEF,ATD-GAIN=7 1 2500 S SAME POS AS 62 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8804( 5) - 07/07/00 12:47 - [ 10] Visit: 07 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: V=19, saturates in 2000s Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 71 HS0818+1227 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 700 S POS TARG 0.00000, 0.00000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 72 HS0818+1227 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 700 S POS TARG 0.47817, 0.47817 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 73 HS0818+1227 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=NO,ATD-GAIN=7 1 600 S POS TARG 0.47817, -0.47817 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8804( 5) - 07/07/00 12:47 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 8804 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures PC1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFPC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=NO ATD-GAIN=7 CR-SPLIT=DEF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements POS TARG 0.00000, 0.00000 POS TARG 0.47817, 0.47817 POS TARG 0.47817, -0.47817 SAME POS AS 21 SAME POS AS 22 POS TARG -0.47817, -0.47817 POS TARG -0.47817, 0.47817 SAME POS AS 61 SAME POS AS 62 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F814W F555W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HST14113+5211 B1555+375 FBQ1633+3134 PKS1830-211 Q1838-342 B2319+051 HS0818+1227 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------