9430( 2) - 02/15/02 16:54 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 9430 Version: 2 Check-in Date: 15-Feb-2002 16:53:34 1.Proposal Title: The Role of Jets in Shaping Planetary Nebulae ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Proposal For 3. Cycle GO 11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Investigators Contact? PI: Susan Trammell University of North Carolina at Charlotte CoI: Dr. Robert Benjamin University of Wisconsin-Madison N CoI: Dr. Kenneth Wood University of St. Andrews N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Abstract Recent CO observations of several planetary nebulae (PN) suggest that collimated outflows may play a crucial role in the early shaping of these objects. The idea that jets may be the primary driver of the early development of some PN represents a major shift in thinking about the evolution of these objects. In the past, the role of jets has been considered secondary to the interacting winds scenario, the standard model of PN formation. We propose to use the unique capabilities of HST to access the importance of collimated outflows in the development of the young PN PK166-06D1 (AFGL 618). We have chosen PK166-06D1 for this study because it is in the early stages of PN formation - the time during which jets would have the greatest impact on PN development. We propose to use STIS, ACS, and NICMOS to characterize the collimated outflows present in PK166- 06D1. The goals of this study are: 1) to characterize the interaction of the jets with the surrounding AGB shell by determining the physical conditions in the outflows and the interaction regions, 2) to determine the structure of the surrounding AGB shell using deep optical imaging, 3) to investigate the origin of the collimated outflows by examining the central regions of the nebula. We require both the stability and high spatial resolution capabilities of HST for this project because we will be investigating the detailed structure of compact regions (< 1"). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9430( 2) - 02/15/02 16:54 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ STIS Spectroscopy: We will use two low-resolution gratings, G430L and G750L, and a medium resolution grating, G750M, to study the physical conditions as a function of position in PK166-06D1. The low-resolution spectra, covering the entire optical range, will provide a host of diagnostic lines to study the physical conditions of the gas. The higher resolution spectra will allow us to study closely spaced lines such as H-alpha and [N II] (6543, 83 Angstroms). We will use the 52" x 0.2" slit at two slit positions oriented parallel to the collimated outflows observed in this object (see Figure 1 for approximate slit positions). The measured optical spectrum (from Trammell et al. 1993) was entered into the STIS Exposure Time Calculator to estimate the exposure times. For reference, the flux of H-beta in the East lobe of PK166-06D1 is 7 x 10^-14 erg s^-1 cm^-2 (from ground- based spectroscopy; Trammell et al. 1993) and we are assuming (based on our Cycle 6 images) that this emission is spread over 4 square arcseconds. For all of the observations we will dither along the slit to help remove warm pixels. To position the slit in the second slit position we will move perpendicular to the slit by approximately 1.5 arcseconds. G430L: In 1600 seconds we will obtain S/N ~ 5 in lines three to five times fainter than H -beta (e.g. [O I] 5577 Angstroms and a host of other lines). Including overheads, the total time required to obtain data with the G430L grating at two slit positions is 72 minutes (= 1.3 orbits). G750L: In 1200 seconds we will obtain S/N ~ 5 in lines three to five times fainter than H-beta (e.g. [N II] 5755 Angstroms and a host of other lines). Including overheads, the total time required to obtain data with the G750L grating at two slit positions is 72 minutes (= 1.3 orbits). G750M: We will use the 6768 primary tilt for this grating to investigate the 6282 - 7054 Angstrom region which includes bright lines of H-alpha, [S II] and [N II]. In 1600 seconds we will obtain S/N ~ 10 in the [S II] 6717 Angstrom line (the S/N will be greater in the other brighter lines). Including overheads, the total time required to obtain data with the G750M grating at two slit positions is 72 minutes (= 1.3 orbits). We require 4 orbits to complete the proposed STIS observations. ACS Imaging: We will use the broadband F606W filter to study the morphology of the AGB shell in PK166-06D1. The goal of this observation is to probe faint emission not detected in our Cycle 6 narrow-band images of this object. The measured optical spectrum (from Trammell et al. 1993) was entered into the ACS Exposure Time Calculator to estimate the exposure times. For reference the average surface brightness of H- beta in the East lobe of PK166-06D1 is 1.7 x 10^-14 erg s^-1 cm^-2 arcsec^-2. In one orbit we will obtain S/N ~ 5 for emission 100 times fainter than the emission seen in our narrow-band WFPC2 images. We will use a dither pattern to aid in removing warm pixels. We require 1 orbit to complete the proposed ACS observations. NICMOS Imaging: We will image PK166-06D1 through four narrow-band filters: F187N, F190N, F212N, and F251N. F187N is centered on the Pa-alpha emission line and F190N is an adjacent continuum band. This emission will allow us to study both the outflows and the heavily obscured inner regions of PK166- 06D1. F212N is centered on the bright 2.122 micron line of H_2 and F215N is an adjacent continuum band. This emission will probe the interaction of the outflows with the warm molecular gas present in PK166-06D1. The measured near- IR spectrum (from Hora et al. 1999) was entered into the NICMOS Exposure Time Calculator to estimate the exposure times. For reference the flux of the 2.122 micron line of H_2 in the East lobe of PK166-06D1 is 1.3 x 10^-13 erg s^-1 cm^- 2. The background will be significant for all of these filters since lambda > 1.7 micron. To accomplish measuring the background and efficiently using observing time, we will request a specific oreintation of the object on the NIC2 detector. We will orient the object on the diagonal of the detector. Because PK166-06D1 is elongated, we will be able to measure the background above and below the position of the object. This is similar to the strategy used by Sahai et al. to image the elongated nebula AFGL 2688. We will use a dither pattern to aid in removing warm pixels. We will use the MULTIACCUM mode to increase the dynamic range of our observations and to allow for the removal of cosmic rays. F187N: The expected flux from Pa-alpha is comparable or larger than the expected H_2 flux. We will obtain S/N ~ 10 in 300s. F190N: The continuum emission will be most significant in the inner regions of PK166-06D1. The continuum flux at 1.9 microns in the inner regions of PK166-06D1 is approximately 0.6 x 10^-15 erg s^-1 cm^-2 A^-1. We will obtain S/N ~ 20 in 1200s. F212N: Based on the measured flux for H_2, and assuming that this emission is spread over 6 square arcseconds, we will obtain S/N ~ 10 in 300s. F215N: The continuum emission will be most significant in the inner regions of PK166-06D1. The continuum flux at 2.15 microns in the inner regions of PK166- 06D1 is approximately 1.2 x 10^-15 erg s^-1 cm^-2 A^-1. We will obtain S/N ~ 40 in 1200s. The time required to obtain all images, including all overheads, is 3 orbit. We require 3 orbits to complete the proposed NICMOS imaging observations. NICMOS Imaging Polarimetry: We will image PK166-06D1 in the three long wavelength polarizers, POL0L, POL120L, and POL240L, to obtain regions of PK166-06D1. We have chosen to use the long wavelength polarizers so that we can probe as deeply as possible into the heavily obscured inner regions of PK166- 06D1 and to avoid problems with the efficiency of the POL120S polarizer. The background will be significant for all of these filters since lambda > 1.7 micron. To accomplish measuring the background and efficiently using observing time, we will request a specific oreintation of the object on the NIC2 detector. We will orient the object on the diagonal of the detector. Because PK166-06D1 is elongated, we will be able to measure the background above and below the position of the object. This is similar to the strategy used by Sahai et al. to image the elongated nebula AFGL 2688. We will use a dither pattern to aid with the removal of warm pixels. We will use the MULTIACCUM mode to increase the dynamic range of our observations and to allow for the removal of cosmic rays. The measured near-IR spectrum (from Hora et al. 1999) was entered into the NICMOS Exposure Time Calculator to estimate the exposure times. For reference the continuum flux at 2.15 microns in the inner regions of PK166-06D1 is approximately 1.2 x 10^-15 erg s^-1 cm^-2 A^-1 (from Hora et al. 1999). The average K polarization in the inner regions of PK166-06D1 is 10-15% (Sykes et al. 2001). We will obtain S/N ~ 10 in polarized flux in 700s. This will be sufficient to determine the location of the illuminating star. We require 1 orbit per polarizer to complete the on-source and background observations. We require 3 orbits to complete the proposed NICMOS imaging polarimetry observations. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9430( 2) - 02/15/02 16:54 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PK166-06D1 ISM, PLANETARY NEBULA, RA=04H 42M 53.493S +/- 0.1", J2000 F-LINE(4861)=7+/-1e-14 JET, EMISSION LINE DEC=36D 6' 53.267" +/- 0.1", F-LINE(21220)=1.3+/-1e-13 NEBULA PLATE-ID=0049 SIZE=4+/-2 Coordinate Source: HST_IMAGE 2 AFGL618- STAR RA=4H 42M 57.623S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 17.3 OFFSET DEC=36D 6' 4.096" +/- .1", PLATE -ID=0049 Coordinate Source: HST_IMAGE 3 PK166-06D1- ISM, PLANETARY NEBULA, RA=04H 42M 53.4841S +/- 0.1", J2000 F-LINE(4861)=7+/-1e-14 JET JET, EMISSION LINE DEC=36D 6' 52.607" +/- 0.1", F-LINE(21220)=1.3+/-1e-13 NEBULA PLATE-ID=0049 SIZE=4+/-2 Coordinate Source: HST_IMAGE 9430( 2) - 02/15/02 16:54 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type ACS-HRC-DITHER-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.284 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 44.28 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type NIC-SPIRAL-DITH Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.8 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 0 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 3 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type STIS-PERP-TO-SLIT STIS-ALONG-SLIT Pattern_Purpose MOSAIC DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 2 Point_Spacing 0.894 0.275 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 0 90 Center_Pattern NO NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9430( 2) - 02/15/02 16:54 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PK166-06D1 ACS/HR ACCUM HRC-FIX F606W CR-SPLIT=NO 2 280 S PATTERN 1 1 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9430( 2) - 02/15/02 16:54 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 170D TO 190D ORIENT 350D TO 10D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PK166-06D1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI F187N NSAMP=7,SAMP-SEQ=SPARS64 1 DEF PATTERN 2 1 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PK166-06D1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI F212N NSAMP=7,SAMP-SEQ=SPARS64 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9430( 2) - 02/15/02 16:54 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 170D TO 190D ORIENT 350D TO 10D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PK166-06D1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI F190N NSAMP=12,SAMP-SEQ=SPARS64 1 DEF PATTERN 2 1 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9430( 2) - 02/15/02 16:54 - [ 8] Visit: 04 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 170D TO 190D ORIENT 350D TO 10D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PK166-06D1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI F215N NSAMP=12,SAMP-SEQ=SPARS64 1 DEF PATTERN 2 1 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9430( 2) - 02/15/02 16:54 - [ 9] Visit: 05 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 170D TO 190D ORIENT 350D TO 10D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PK166-06D1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L NSAMP=12,SAMP-SEQ=SPARS64 1 DEF PATTERN 2 1 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PK166-06D1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L NSAMP=12,SAMP-SEQ=SPARS64 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 PK166-06D1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L NSAMP=12,SAMP-SEQ=SPARS64 1 DEF PATTERN 2 3 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9430( 2) - 02/15/02 16:54 - [ 10] Visit: 06 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 137.7D TO 139.7D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 AFGL618-OFF STIS/C ACQ F28X50L MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 10 S SET CD P ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 AFGL618-OFF STIS/C ACQ/PEA 52X0.2 MIRROR 1 12 S SET CD K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 PK166-06D1- STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 CR-SPLIT=NO 2 325 S PATTERN 3 3 JET CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 2 DEF CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 PK166-06D1- STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2 G430L 4300 CR-SPLIT=NO 2 400 S PATTERN 3 6 JET CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 PK166-06D1- STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 6768 CR-SPLIT=NO 2 375 S PATTERN 3 10 JET CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 CCDFLAT STIS/C ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 6768 2 DEF CD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9430( 2) - 02/15/02 16:54 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 9430 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures HRC-FIX NIC2-FIX F28X50LP 52X0.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/HRC NIC2 STIS/CCD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM MULTIACCUM ACQ ACQ/PEAK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=NO SAMP-SEQ=SPARS64 NSAMP=7 NSAMP=12 ACQTYPE=POINT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PATTERN 1 1 ORIENT 170D TO 190D ORIENT 350D TO 10D PATTERN 2 1 PATTERN 2 2 PATTERN 2 3 ORIENT 137.7D TO 139.7D PATTERN 3 3 PATTERN 3 6 PATTERN 3 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F606W F187N F212N F190N F215N POL0L POL120L POL240L MIRROR G750L G430L G750M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names PK166-06D1 AFGL618-OFFSET PK166-06D1-JET CCDFLAT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wavelengths 7751 4300 6768 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------