9470( 2) - 02/19/02 16:34 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 9470 Version: 2 Check-in Date: 07-Feb-2002 10:34:28 1.Proposal Title: Deep Lyman alpha images of starburst galaxies ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Proposal For 3. Cycle GO 11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Investigators Contact? PI: Daniel Kunth CNRS, Institute d'Astrophysique de Paris CoI: Dr. Claus Leitherer Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Dr. Miguel Mas-Hesse Laboratorio de Astrofisica Espacial y N Fisica Fundamental CoI: Dr. Goeran Oestlin Stockholm observatory N CoI: Dr. Artashes Petrosian Byurakan observatory N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Abstract We propose a pilot study to obtain deep ACS Ly-alpha\ images of a carefully selected sample of local starburst galaxies. Ly-alpha\ imaging of such objects has become feasible with ACS. These observations will bring unprecedented insight into the processes regulating the luminosity of the cosmologically important Ly-alpha\ line. Our targets cover the full range of observed Ly-alpha\ properties. They have been chosen to investigate the effects of dust, the starburst luminosity, and outflows within the ISM. The sample is optimized for a most favorable trade-off between the relevant parameter space and the minimum number of orbits. We can build on this pilot study for a much larger follow-up survey in a later cycle. Deep H Alpha\ and H Beta\ high-resolution images from the ground will allow us to quantify the Ly-alpha\ emission (or its lack) and its attenuation as a function of the local dust content. The H Alpha\ emission at a given location will constrain the intrinsic intensity of the expected Ly-alpha\ emission. A non-detection will allow us to quantify the fraction of Ly- alpha\ photons destroyed within the neutral gas, and to correlate this fraction with the properties of the neutral gas and dust. Since Ly-alpha\ emitters are used to identify and study galaxies at redshift 3-6, our study will document the circumstances when a star--forming galaxy shows Ly-alpha emission. This will be an important first step towards an empirical calibration of the relation between Ly-alpha\ and the star--formation rate. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9470( 2) - 02/19/02 16:34 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ Since we plan to image a single emission line, the exposure time calculator (ETC) is of somewhat limited use for estimating exposure times. Instead, we are following example 4 in chapter 6 of the ACS instrument handbook (version 2.1). However, when scaling assumed Lya luminosities to equivalent f_Lambda values in the filter ACS/SBC Ly-alpha\-filter F122M we get very similar results. Following example 4 in the ACS handbook, a Lya surface brightness (mu_Ly-alpha) of 1.22E-12 erg/cm^2/s/arcsec^2 produces 47.7 counts per pixel in 2000 seconds in F122M. The dark current amounts to 2.5E-4 counts/pixel/s or 0.5 counts/pixel in 2000s. The background is 2.38 counts in 2000s for earth shadow. We use this information to estimate the required exposure times. As the geocoronal emission dominates the background, it is necessary to observe when the earth is in shadow, which limits the exposure time per orbit to approximately 1500s. All of our targets have been observed in the Ly-alpha\ line with IUE and/or HST. Thus we know which sources are Ly-alpha emitters and how much within the used aperture. However, our goal is not to re-detect Ly-alpha\ in these sources, but to investigate the physics of Ly-alpha\ emission (coupled to other physical parameters as the dust content, see discussion above) over a much more extended region. Hence, we are aiming at reaching a certain Ly-alpha\ surface brightness. The galaxies considered in this study have central B-band surface brightnesses: mu_B ~ 19 mag/arcsec^2. However, we want to reach at least one magnitude below this to be able to study the Ly-alpha\ emission outside the very center of these galaxies. Hence we are aiming for mu_B = 20 mag/arcsec^2 which is equivalent to 6.4E-17 erg/cm^2/s/Angstrom /arcsec^2. The peak H Beta\ equivalent widths (EWs) are several 100 Angstrom , but we need to reach more modest values and therefore we conservatively assume EW(H Beta\ ) =100 Angstrom. The Ly-alpha\ / H Beta\ ratio varies greatly in observational studies, from negative values (absorption) to above 10 (Giavalisco et al. 1996), but never reaches the predicted recombination value of 30. Here we have assumed Ly- alpha\ / H Beta\ = 1. EW(H Beta\ ) = 100 Angstrom is equivalent to mu_H Beta = 6.4E-15 erg/cm^2/s/arcsec^2, and with Ly-alpha\ / H Beta\ = 1 we get: mu_Ly-alpha = 6.4E-15 erg/cm^2/s/arcsec^2. This is a factor of 190.6 lower than in the example above, and hence our source would produce 47.7/190.6 = 0.25 counts/per pix (or 1.25E-4 counts/pix/s). All the other numbers remain the same and our signal to noise S/N per pixel for 2000s shadow exposure will be 0.14. Rebinning this to a resolution element of 12 by 12 pixels (0.36" * 0.36"), we get a S/N of 12* 0.14=1.68. This scale is close to the critical sampling for ground based observations of good seeing to be carried out in H Alpha\ and H Beta\ . To get a S/N of at least 3 per this resolution element would then take 6500s. The integrated S/N per arcsec^2 will be 8.3. This is equivalent to 4.3 orbits of pure shadow time, if as stated, shadow orbits are only 25 min long. To calculate the Ly-alpha\ fluxes and surface brightness we will need to subtract the continuum. This will be accomplished by observations in the adjacent F140LP filter, that do not transmit Ly-alpha\ . The measured equivalent widths of Ly- alpha\ in our sample range from zero (no emission) to 70 Angstrom. The F122M filter has a reported FWHM of 60 Angstrom. Hence, from this we would expect the continuum to contribute with at least as much as the Ly-alpha\ line within the F122M bandpass. Hence, the effective S/N of the derived Ly-alpha\ fluxes will be smaller than calculated above. In order to minimize the error introduced by continuum subtraction we need to make sure that the S/N in the F140LP filter is at least twice as high as that in F122M. This is possible within about one tenth (estimated with the aid of the ETC) of the time necessary for F122M, or specifically 800s. Hence the total requirement per galaxy is 7300s, equivalent to 5 shadow orbits. For six targets this makes a total of 30 orbits. Short notes on each target: , -- ESO350-IG038=IRAS00344- 3349, v=6175 km/s, M_V = -20.2. , -- SBS0335-052, v=4043 km/s, M_V = -17.0. , - - IRAS08339+6517, v=5730 km/s, M_V = -20.2. , -- Tol1214-277, v=7795 km/s, M_V = -17.8. , -- TOL65, v=2698 km/s, M_V = -15.3. , -- NGC6090=Mrk496=IRAS16104+5235, v=8785 km/s, M_V = -21.3. , Real Time Justification ----------------------- Our proposed observations are background limited due to geocoronal Ly-alpha. We request Shadow Time to minimize geocoronal Ly-alpha. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9470( 2) - 02/19/02 16:34 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ESO350-IG038 GALAXY, DWARF COMPACT RA=00H 36M 52.49S +/- 0.11S, J2000 V = 6175 V = 14.30+/-0.25 DEC=-33D 33' 16.7" +/- 1.7" E(B-V) = 0.011 Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 2 SBS0335-052 GALAXY, DWARF COMPACT RA=03H 37M 44.02S +/- 0.11S, J2000 V = 4043 V = 16.55+/-0.20 DEC=-05D 2' 38.5" +/- 1.7" E(B-V) = 0.047 Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 3 IRAS08339+65 GALAXY, DWARF COMPACT, RA=08H 38M 23.56S +/- 0.11S, J2000 V = 5730 V = 14.50+/-0.20 17 GALAXY, INTERACTING DEC=65D 7' 15.2" +/- 1.7" E(B-V) = 0.092 GALAXY Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 4 TOL65 GALAXY, DWARF COMPACT RA=12H 25M 46.50S +/- 0.11S, J2000 V = 2698 V = 17.00+/-0.20 DEC=-36D 14' 3.3" +/- 1.7" E(B-V) = 0.074 Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 5 NGC6090 GALAXY, INTERACTING RA=16H 11M 40.80S +/- 0.11S, J2000 V = 8785 V = 14.07+/-0.05 GALAXY DEC=52D 27' 26.0" +/- 1.7" E(B-V) = 0.020 F(1482)=1.07+/-0.34e-14 F(1913)=0.87+/-0.11e-14 Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 6 TOL1924-416 GALAXY, DWARF COMPACT RA=19H 27M 58.5S +/- 0.11S, DEC= J2000 V = 2874 V = 13.01+/-0.11 -41D 34' 30.9" +/- 1.7" E(B-V) = 0.087 F(1482)=3.81+/-0.25e-14 F(1913)=2.25+/-0.33e-14 F(2373)=1.41+/-0.11e-14 F(2700)=1.19+/-0.05e-14 Coordinate Source: OTHER_SOURCE 9470( 2) - 02/19/02 16:34 - [ 4] Visit: 05 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 30% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ESO350-IG03 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW 8 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 ESO350-IG03 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S 8 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 ESO350-IG03 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 8 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 ESO350-IG03 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 8 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 ESO350-IG03 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 8 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 ESO350-IG03 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 8 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 ESO350-IG03 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 8 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 ESO350-IG03 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 8 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 ESO350-IG03 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 8 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 ESO350-IG03 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 8 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9470( 2) - 02/19/02 16:34 - [ 5] Visit: 10 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 30% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SBS0335-052 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 SBS0335-052 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 SBS0335-052 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 SBS0335-052 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 SBS0335-052 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 SBS0335-052 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 SBS0335-052 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 SBS0335-052 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 SBS0335-052 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 SBS0335-052 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9470( 2) - 02/19/02 16:34 - [ 6] Visit: 15 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 30% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 IRAS08339+6 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW 517 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 IRAS08339+6 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S 517 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 IRAS08339+6 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 517 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 IRAS08339+6 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 517 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 IRAS08339+6 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 517 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 IRAS08339+6 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 517 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 IRAS08339+6 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 517 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 IRAS08339+6 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 517 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 IRAS08339+6 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 517 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 IRAS08339+6 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 517 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9470( 2) - 02/19/02 16:34 - [ 7] Visit: 20 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 30% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 TOL65 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 TOL65 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 TOL65 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 TOL65 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 TOL65 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 TOL65 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 TOL65 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 TOL65 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 TOL65 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 TOL65 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 540 S POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9470( 2) - 02/19/02 16:34 - [ 8] Visit: 25 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 30% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC6090 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 NGC6090 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 NGC6090 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 NGC6090 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 NGC6090 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 NGC6090 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 NGC6090 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 NGC6090 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 NGC6090 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 NGC6090 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9470( 2) - 02/19/02 16:34 - [ 9] Visit: 30 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 30% On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 TOL1924-416 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 TOL1924-416 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 TOL1924-416 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 TOL1924-416 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 TOL1924-416 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 TOL1924-416 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 TOL1924-416 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 TOL1924-416 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 TOL1924-416 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F122M 1 1819 S SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 TOL1924-416 ACS/SB ACCUM SBC-FIX F140LP 1 600 S POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 C ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9470( 2) - 02/19/02 16:34 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 9470 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures SBC-FIX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/SBC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements SCHED 30% SHADOW SHADOW POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 POS TARG 0.32, 0.0 SHADOW POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 POS TARG 0.0, 0.32 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F122M F140LP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names ESO350-IG038 SBS0335-052 IRAS08339+6517 TOL65 NGC6090 TOL1924-416 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------