9752( 3) - 05/12/03 10:30 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 9752 Version: 3 Check-in Date: 12-May-2003 10:27:35 1.Proposal Title: A Search for the Exciting Sources in OMC-1 through NICMOS Polarization Measurements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Proposal For 3. Cycle GO 12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Janet P. Simpson NASA Ames Research Center CoI: Dr. Sean W. J. Colgan NASA Ames Research Center N CoI: Dr. Edwin F. Erickson NASA Ames Research Center N CoI: Dr. Michael G. Burton University of New South Wales N CoI: Dr. Angie S. B. Schultz SETI Institute N CoI: Dr. Erik Simpson SRI International N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Abstract Orion contains the site of the nearest region of massive star formation to the Sun; only here can this pivotal process in galactic evolution be studied at the highest resolution. There are 10^5 solar luminosities of radiation emitted from the Orion Molecular Cloud (OMC-1), possibly from a young massive star or protostar, or possibly from several, less luminous sources. Either way, the powering source(s) in the closest site of massive star formation has still not yet been identified. Here we propose to apply a new tool to determine which, of several prospective sources, might prove to be the heart of OMC-1. The sources cannot be seen directly because they lie in, or behind, a warm, dense molecular cloud. However, their presence can be inferred in polarized light, through the manner in which light is scattered off neighboring clouds. Heretofore, the spatial resolution has not been adequate to identify the locations of individual stars. We propose to use the NICMOS polarizers combined with the high spatial resolution of HST to achieve this, in spite of the high density of candidate objects in the core of Orion. The demands of accurately measuring the polarization vectors of small, diffuse objects relative to the surrounding background from dust-scattered light requires the high Strehl ratio and stable point-spread function only achievable from space. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9752( 3) - 05/12/03 10:30 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ Polarimetric images at 2 microns of BN-IRc in the Orion Molecular Cloud (OMC-1) will be made with NICMOS Camera 2. MULTIACCUM is used because of the large dynamic range expected. The program consists of four nearly identical visits each corresponding to a single orbit. The visits differ only in their orientation and the central position of the pattern. The orientations of the different visits are carefully specified to maintain key regions free from strong diffraction features. Each visit contains images in each of the three polarizers in Camera 2. A 4 point spiral dither of 10.5 pixels is simulated using POS TARG to minimize the effects of possibly bad pixels, the coronographic hole, and to permit post-processing to enhance angular resolution. At each dither position, the entire set of 3 polarizer filter images is obtained. The length of integration time per filter (parameter NSAMP) is chosen to fill the total time available in the visit for SCHEDULABILITY=60. The NSAMP parameters equal 18 for the POL0L and POL120L filters and NSAMP=17 for the POL240L filter. If necessary to improve SCHEDULABILITY, NSAMP could be decreased to 17 for the first 4 exposures (filter POL0L). Real Time Justification ----------------------- Because of the presence of diffraction spikes from the many stars in the field, it is necessary to orient the telescope precisely to keep the diffraction spikes away from prime areas of interest. The result is a special scheduling requirement for orienting the spacecraft. Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9752( 3) - 05/12/03 10:30 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 BN-S1 ISM, MOLECULAR CLOUD, RA=05H35M14.2S +/- 0.1", DEC=- J2000 K = 5.4+/-0.2 REFLECTION NEBULA, STAR 05D22'32.0" +/- 0.1", PLATE- FORMING REGION ID=06EL Coordinate Source: HST_IMAGE Comments: The coordinates of the center of NICMOS Camera 2 (APERTURE NIC2-FIX) are determined by offsetting on previous HST NICMOS images from the bright infrared and radio star BN, which has accurate coordinates from measurements with the Very Large Array (VLA). The regions of interest for this Program are extended and faint - with the HST orientations specified and the coordinates specified, they fall on the more sensitive regions of the Camera 2 detector array. The actual telescope pointing could be different by 1 arcsec (much more than the uncertainty in the coordinates) without damaging this Program because the field of view of Camera 2 is 19 arcsec. 2 BN-S2 ISM, STAR FORMING RA=05H35M14.22S +/- 0.1", DEC=- J2000 K = 5.4+/-0.2 REGION, REFLECTION 05D22'31.8" +/- 0.1", PLATE- NEBULA, MOLECULAR CLOUD ID=06EL Coordinate Source: HST_IMAGE Comments: See Comments for Target BN-S1 3 BN-N1 ISM, MOLECULAR CLOUD, RA=05H35M14.2S +/- 0.1", DEC=- J2000 K = 5.4+/-0.2 REFLECTION NEBULA, STAR 05D22'13.0" +/- 0.1", PLATE- FORMING REGION ID=06EL Coordinate Source: HST_IMAGE Comments: See Comments for Target BN-S1 4 BN-N2 ISM, MOLECULAR CLOUD, RA=05H35M14.2S +/- 0.1", DEC=- J2000 K = 5.4+/-0.2 REFLECTION NEBULA, STAR 05D22'13.0" +/- 0.1", PLATE- FORMING REGION ID=06EL Coordinate Source: HST_IMAGE Comments: See Comments for Target BN-S1 9752( 3) - 05/12/03 10:30 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: PCS MODE FINE SCHED 60% ORIENT 40.0D TO 42.0 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Target is BN-S1, ORIENT=41 plus or minus 1 degree. ORIENT is chosen to keep diffraction spikes from bright stars off of areas of interest. There is a trade-off between the NSAMP parameter and the SCHEDULABILITY parameter - these parameters could be revised if necessary to schedule this visit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 BN-S1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG -0.397,-0.397 CUM X SEQ 1-12 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 BN-S1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG 0.397,-0.397 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 BN-S1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG 0.397, 0.397 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 BN-S1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG -0.397, 0.397 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 BN-S1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 1 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 BN-S1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 2 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 BN-S1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 3 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 BN-S1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 4 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 BN-S1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 1 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 BN-S1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 2 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 BN-S1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 3 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 BN-S1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 4 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9752( 3) - 05/12/03 10:30 - [ 5] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: PCS MODE FINE SCHED 60% ORIENT 253.0D TO 257.0 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Target is BN-S2, ORIENT=255 plus or minus 2 degrees. The orientation is specified to keep diffraction spikes from bright stars off of regions of interest. If this ORIENT cannot be scheduled, ORIENT=283 plus or minus 2 degrees would be acceptable, although is is not as good as ORIENT=255. However, if this ORIENT is used, the coordinates for position BN-S2 will not be correct - instead they should be RA=05h 35m 14.25s and DEC=-5d 22' 33.9". There is a trade-off between the NSAMP parameter and the SCHEDULABILITY parameter - these parameters could be revised if necessary to schedule this visit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 BN-S2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG -0.397,-0.397 CUM X SEQ 1-12 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 BN-S2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG 0.397,-0.397 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 BN-S2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG 0.397, 0.397 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 BN-S2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG -0.397, 0.397 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 BN-S2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 1 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 BN-S2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 2 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 BN-S2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 3 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 BN-S2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 4 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 BN-S2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 1 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 BN-S2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 2 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 BN-S2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 3 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9752( 3) - 05/12/03 10:30 - [ 6] Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 BN-S2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 4 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9752( 3) - 05/12/03 10:30 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: PCS MODE FINE SCHED 60% ORIENT 60.0D TO 70.0 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Target is BN-N1, ORIENT=65 plus or minus 5 degrees. ORIENT is chosen to keep diffraction spikes from bright stars off of areas of interest. There is a trade-off between the NSAMP and SCHEDULABILITY parameters - these parameters can be revised if necessary so that the visit can be scheduled. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 BN-N1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG -0.397,-0.397 CUM X SEQ 1-12 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 BN-N1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG 0.397,-0.397 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 BN-N1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG 0.397, 0.397 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 BN-N1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG -0.397, 0.397 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 BN-N1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 1 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 BN-N1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 2 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 BN-N1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 3 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 BN-N1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 4 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 BN-N1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 1 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 BN-N1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 2 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 BN-N1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 3 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 BN-N1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 4 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9752( 3) - 05/12/03 10:30 - [ 8] Visit: 04 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: PCS MODE FINE SCHED 60% ORIENT 85.0D TO 95.0 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Target is BN-N2, ORIENT=95 plus or minus 10 degrees. ORIENT is chosen to keep diffraction spikes from bright stars off of areas of interest. There is a trade-off between the NSAMP and SCHEDULABILITY parameters - these parameters can be revised if necessary to schedule this visit. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 BN-N2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG -0.397,-0.397 CUM X SEQ 1-12 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 BN-N2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG 0.397,-0.397 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 BN-N2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG 0.397, 0.397 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 BN-N2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL0L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF POS TARG -0.397, 0.397 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 BN-N2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 1 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 BN-N2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 2 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 BN-N2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 3 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 BN-N2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL120L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=18 1 DEF SAME POS AS 4 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 BN-N2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 1 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 BN-N2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 2 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 BN-N2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 3 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 BN-N2 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FI POL240L SAMP-SEQ=STEP16,NSAMP=17 1 DEF SAME POS AS 4 CUM X ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9752( 3) - 05/12/03 10:30 - [ 9] Summary Form for Proposal 9752 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures NIC2-FIX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations NIC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes MULTIACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters SAMP-SEQ=STEP16 NSAMP=18 NSAMP=17 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PCS MODE FINE SCHED 60% ORIENT 40.0D TO 42.0 D POS TARG -0.397,-0.397 SEQ 1-12 NON-INT POS TARG 0.397,-0.397 POS TARG 0.397, 0.397 POS TARG -0.397, 0.397 SAME POS AS 1 SAME POS AS 2 SAME POS AS 3 SAME POS AS 4 PCS MODE FINE SCHED 60% ORIENT 253.0D TO 257.0 D PCS MODE FINE SCHED 60% ORIENT 60.0D TO 70.0 D PCS MODE FINE SCHED 60% ORIENT 85.0D TO 95.0 D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements POL0L POL120L POL240L ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names BN-S1 BN-S2 BN-N1 BN-N2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------