9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 1] PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID: 9833 Version: 7 Check-in Date: 22-May-2003 13:39:39 1.Proposal Title: T Dwarf Companions: Searching for the Coldest Brown Dwarfs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Proposal For 3. Cycle GO 12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Adam J. Burgasser University of California - Los Angeles CoI: Dr. J. Davy Kirkpatrick California Institute of Technology N CoI: Dr. I. Neill Reid Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Dr. Sandy K. Leggett Joint Astronomy Centre (JAC) N CoI: Dr. James Liebert University of Arizona N CoI: Dr. Adam Seth Burrows University of Arizona N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Abstract Faint companions to known stars have historically led to the discovery of new classes of stellar and substellar objects. Because these discoveries are typically limited by the flux ratio of the components in the system, the intrinsically faintest companions are most effectively identified around the intrinsically faintest primaries. We propose to use NICMOS to image a sample of 22 of the coolest known (T-type) brown dwarfs in the Solar Neighborhood in order to search for fainter and cooler brown dwarf companions. The high spatial resolution of the NIC 1 detector enables us to distinguish binary systems with apparent separations greater than 0"08, or physical separations greater than 1.2 AU at the nominal distances of the objects in our sample. Furthermore, the substantial sensitivity of NICMOS imaging allows us to probe companion masses of 5-50 Jupiter masses and companion effective temperatures of 250-1300 K in a maximally efficient manner. Based on work to date, we expect that roughly 20% of the objects in our sample will be binary, and that one or two of these will likely harbor a significantly fainter secondary. Hence, we expect to find a companion cooler than any currently known brown dwarf, a potential prototype for the next spectral class. In addition, our investigation will add substantially to the sample of known binary brown dwarfs, allowing improved statistical analyses of the binary fraction, separation distribution, and mass ratio distribution of these systems, key quantities for probing brown dwarf formation. We will also identify optimal substellar systems for astrometric mass measurements, a critical check for theoretical models of brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ The 22 T dwarfs will be imaged in the near-infrared through three filters using the NICMOS NIC1 camera. Each target will be visited for a period of one orbit each, for a total of 22 orbits for this program. Primary observations will be made in two filters, F110W and F170M, with an additional short exposure using the F090M filter. For 21 of these fixed targets, total exposures of 864s (slightly shorter for brighter sources) at F110W, 1500s at F170M, and roughly 50-90s at F090M will be obtained. The F110W and F170M observations for each target will generally be broken up into 3 and 5 individual pointings (with multiple exposures for brighter targets), respectively, using a spiral dither pattern with 1.304" (30 1/3 pixels) steps between dithers. F090M observations will be made in a single short pointing and used to identify background sources near our targets. All exposures will be made in MULTIACCUM mode. For 1 target in the CVZ (2MASS 0348-60), total exposures of 1600, 3072, and 68s at F110W, F170M, and F090M, respectively, will be obtained to achieve greater depth. All exposure times have been verified using the NICMOS ETC to prevent saturation. No parallel observations are required. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=01H51M41.55S +/- 0.2", J2000 V = 32.0 015141+12443 DEC=+12D44'30.0" +/- 0.2" J = 16.6+/-0.1 0 J-K = 1.4+/-0.2 F(11000)=4.1e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1997.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 SDSS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=02H07M42.84S +/- 0.2", J2000 V = 32.0 020742+00005 DEC=+00D00'56.4" +/- 0.2" J = 16.8+/-0.1 6 J-K = 1.2+/-0.2 F(11000)=3.1e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 2MASS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=02H43M13.71S +/- 0.1", DEC=- J2000 V = 31.0 024313- 24D53'29.8" +/- 0.1" J = 15.4+/-0.1 245329 J-K = 0.2+/-0.2 F(11000)=1.1e-16 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1998.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 2MASS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=03H48M7.72S +/- 0.1", DEC=- J2000 V = 31.0 034807- 60D22'27.0" +/- 0.1" J = 15.3+/-0.1 602227 J-K = -0.3+/-0.1 F(11000)=1.3e-16 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1999.9 -0.037 -0.72 0.0 5 2MASS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=04H15M19.54S +/- 0.1", DEC=- J2000 V = 31.0 041519- 09D35'6.6" +/- 0.1" J = 15.7+/-0.1 093506 J-K = 0.3+/-0.2 F(11000)=8.6e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1998.9 0.1483 0.5273 0.1743 6 SDSS-042348- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=04H23M48.58S +/- 0.1", DEC=- J2000 V = 30.0 041404 04D14'3.5" +/- 0.1" J = 14.5+/-0.1 J-K = 1.0+/-0.2 F(11000)=2.6e-16 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1998.7 -0.024 0.077 0.0 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 2MASS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=05H16M9.45S +/- 0.1", DEC=- J2000 V = 31.0 051609- 04D45'49.9" +/- 0.1" J = 16.0+/-0.1 044549 J-K = 0.5+/-0.2 F(11000)=6.5e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1998.7 -0.018 -0.21 0.0 8 2MASS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=07H55M47.95S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 31.0 075547+22121 DEC=+22D12'16.9" +/- 0.1" J = 15.7+/-0.1 6 J-K = 0.0+/-0.2 F(11000)=8.6e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1998.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 SDSS-083717- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=08H37M17.2S +/- 0.3", DEC=- J2000 V = 32.0 000017 00D00'17.0" +/- 0.3" J = 17.2+/-0.1 J-K = 1.6+/-0.2 F(11000)=2.2e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1997.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 SDSS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=09H26M15.37S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 31.0 092615+58472 DEC=+58D47'21.2" +/- 0.1" J = 15.9+/-0.1 1 J-K = 0.5+/-0.2 F(11000)=7.2e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.2 -0.025 -0.23 0.0 11 SDSS-102109- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=10H21M9.69S +/- 0.1", DEC=- J2000 V = 32.0 030420 03D04'19.7" +/- 0.1" J = 16.3+/-0.1 J-K = 1.2+/-0.2 F(11000)=5.0e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1998.9 -0.0114 -0.0663 0.0344 12 SDSS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=11H10M10.01S +/- 0.2", J2000 V = 32.0 111010+01161 DEC=+01D16'13.0" +/- 0.2" J = 16.3+/-0.1 3 J-K = 1.2+/-0.2 F(11000)=5.0e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 5] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 2MASS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=07H27M18.24S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 31.0 072718+17100 DEC=+17D10'1.2" +/- 0.1" J = 15.6+/-0.1 1 J-K = 0.0+/-0.2 F(11000)=9.5e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1997.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 SDSS-125453- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=12H54M53.93S +/- 0.2", DEC=- J2000 V = 30.0 012247 01D22'47.4" +/- 0.1" J = 14.9+/-0.1 J-K = 1.1+/-0.2 F(11000)=1.8e-16 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1999.1 -0.0319 0.1301 0.0849 15 2MASS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=12H17M11.1S +/- 0.1", DEC=- J2000 V = 31.0 121711- 03D11'13.1" +/- 0.1" J = 15.9+/-0.1 031113 J-K = 0.0+/-0.2 F(11000)=7.2e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1999.1 -0.0704 0.07558 0.0908 16 2MASS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=15H03M19.61S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 29.0 150319+25251 DEC=+25D25'19.6" +/- 0.1" J = 13.9+/-0.1 9 J-K = 0.0+/-0.2 F(11000)=4.5e-16 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1999.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 17 2MASS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=15H53M2.28S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 31.0 155302+15323 DEC=+15D32'36.9" +/- 0.1" J = 15.8+/-0.1 7 J-K = 0.3+/-0.2 F(11000)=7.9e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1998.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 18 SDSS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=16H24M14.36S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 31.0 162414+00291 DEC=+00D29'15.8" +/- 0.1" J = 15.5+/-0.1 6 J-K = 0.0+/-0.2 F(11000)=1.0e-16 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1999.3 -0.02555 -0.00268 0.0915 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 6] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 SDSS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=17H50M32.93S +/- 0.2", J2000 V = 32.0 175032+17590 DEC=+17D59'4.2" +/- 0.2" J = 16.3+/-0.1 4 J-K = 0.9+/-0.2 F(11000)=5.0e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1999.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 2MASS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=22H28M28.89S +/- 0.1", DEC=- J2000 V = 31.0 222828- 43D10'26.2" +/- 0.1" J = 15.7+/-0.1 431026 J-K = 0.4+/-0.2 F(11000)=8.6e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1998.9 0.0025 -0.31 0.0 21 2MASS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=22H54M18.92S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 31.0 225418+31234 DEC=+31D23'49.8" +/- 0.1" J = 15.3+/-0.1 9 J-K = 0.4+/-0.2 F(11000)=1.3e-16 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 1998.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 22 2MASS- STAR, BROWN DWARF RA=23H39M10.25S +/- 0.4", J2000 V = 31.0 233910+13523 DEC=+13D52'28.4" +/- 0.3" J = 16.2+/-0.1 0 J-K = 0.1+/-0.2 F(11000)=5.4e-17 Coordinate Source: Other_Source: 2MASS Catalog Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.9 0.02 -0.77 0.0 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 7] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type NIC-SPIRAL-DITH Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 3 Point_Spacing 1.304 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 0.0 Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type NIC-SPIRAL-DITH Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 5 Point_Spacing 1.304 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 0.0 Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 3 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type NIC-SPIRAL-DITH Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 6 Point_Spacing 1.304 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 0.0 Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 4 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type NIC-SPIRAL-DITH Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 1.304 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 0.0 Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 8] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-02431 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1-FI F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 3-245329 CUM X OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-02431 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 3-245329 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-02431 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF 3-245329 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 9] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: CVZ On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-03480 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 2 DEF PATTERN 2 1 7-602227 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-03480 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP32, 1 DEF PATTERN 3 2 7-602227 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-03480 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF 7-602227 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 10] Visit: 03 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-04151 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 9-093506 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-04151 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 9-093506 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-04151 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF 9-093506 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 11] Visit: 04 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-05160 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 9-044549 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-05160 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 9-044549 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-05160 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF 9-044549 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 12] Visit: 05 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-07271 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 8+171001 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-07271 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 8+171001 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-07271 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF 8+171001 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 13] Visit: 06 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-07554 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 7+221216 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-07554 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 7+221216 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-07554 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF 7+221216 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 14] Visit: 07 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-12171 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 1-031113 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-12171 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 1-031113 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-12171 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF 1-031113 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 15] Visit: 08 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-15031 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 3 DEF PATTERN 1 1 9+252519 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-15031 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 9+252519 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-15031 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF 9+252519 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 16] Visit: 09 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-15530 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 2+153237 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-15530 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 2+153237 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-15530 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF 2+153237 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 17] Visit: 10 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-22282 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 8-431026 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-22282 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 8-431026 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-22282 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF 8-431026 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 18] Visit: 11 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-22541 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 8+312349 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-22541 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 8+312349 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-22541 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF 8+312349 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 19] Visit: 12 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2MASS-23391 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 0+135230 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2MASS-23391 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 0+135230 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2MASS-23391 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF 0+135230 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 20] Visit: 13 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-015141 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 +124430 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-015141 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 +124430 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-015141 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF +124430 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 21] Visit: 14 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-020742 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 +000056 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-020742 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 +000056 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-020742 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF +000056 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 22] Visit: 15 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-042348 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 2 DEF PATTERN 1 1 -041404 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=22 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-042348 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 -041404 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-042348 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF -041404 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 23] Visit: 16 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-083717 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 -000017 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-083717 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 -000017 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-083717 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF -000017 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 24] Visit: 17 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-092615 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP32, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 +584721 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=17 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-092615 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP32, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 +584721 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=17 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-092615 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF +584721 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 25] Visit: 18 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-102109 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 -030420 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-102109 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 -030420 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-102109 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF -030420 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 26] Visit: 19 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-111010 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 +011613 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-111010 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 +011613 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-111010 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF +011613 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 27] Visit: 20 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-125453 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 4 1 -012247 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-125453 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 -012247 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 28] Visit: 21 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-162414 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 +002916 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-162414 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 +002916 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-162414 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF +002916 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 29] Visit: 22 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exposure| Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Number | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SDSS-175032 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F110W CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 1 1 +175904 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=24 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SDSS-175032 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F170M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP16, 1 DEF PATTERN 2 2 +175904 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SDSS-175032 NIC1 MULTIAC NIC1 F090M CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF,SAMP-SEQ=STEP8, 1 DEF +175904 CUM OFFSET=SAM,NSAMP=12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9833( 7) - 05/22/03 13:42 - [ 30] Summary Form for Proposal 9833 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures NIC1-FIX NIC1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations NIC1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes MULTIACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CAMERA-FOCUS=DEF SAMP-SEQ=STEP16 OFFSET=SAM NSAMP=24 NSAMP=25 NSAMP=12 SAMP-SEQ=STEP8 NSAMP=23 NSAMP=16 NSAMP=11 NSAMP=15 NSAMP=14 NSAMP=13 NSAMP=22 NSAMP=17 SAMP-SEQ=STEP32 NSAMP=20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PATTERN 1 1 PATTERN 2 2 CVZ PATTERN 2 1 PATTERN 3 2 PATTERN 4 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F110W F170M F090M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names 2MASS-024313-245329 2MASS-034807-602227 2MASS-041519-093506 2MASS-051609-044549 2MASS-072718+171001 2MASS-075547+221216 2MASS-121711-031113 2MASS-150319+252519 2MASS-155302+153237 2MASS-222828-431026 2MASS-225418+312349 2MASS-233910+135230 SDSS-015141+124430 SDSS-020742+000056 SDSS-042348-041404 SDSS-083717-000017 SDSS-092615+584721 SDSS-102109-030420 SDSS-111010+011613 SDSS-125453-012247 SDSS-162414+002916 SDSS-175032+175904 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------