15695( 2) - 27-Mar-2019 10:42:24 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 15695 Version: 2 Check-in Time: 27-Mar-2019 10:42:24 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title An accurate distance to the controversial low-dark matter galaxy NGC1052-DF4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 26 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Prof. Pieter van Dokkum Yale University Y CoI: Mrs. Shany Danieli Yale University N CoI: Prof. Aaron Romanowsky San Jose State University N CoI: Prof. Charlie Conroy Harvard University N CoI: Prof. Roberto G. Abraham University of Toronto N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract The "galaxy without dark matter" NGC1052-DF2 has been the topic of intense debate since it was published in March 2018, with >30 papers having been written on it in nine months. A new galaxy in the same class, NGC1052-DF4, was just announced. Both galaxies appear to have an unprecedented population of luminous globular clusters and an unprecedented low dark matter fraction. This interpretation is critically dependent on the distance to these objects. The currently available single-orbit F814W data have yielded two very different distance estimates: van Dokkum and collaborators find a distance of D=19-20 Mpc for both objects from surface brightness fluctuations, whereas Trujillo et al. use the same data to measure a distance of D~13 Mpc for NGC1052-DF2. Almost all the extreme properties of these galaxies are distance-dependent, and for D~13 Mpc they are not particularly unusual. This proposal requests 10 orbits of HST imaging to unambiguously measure the distance to NGC1052-DF4 from the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB). With 7+3 orbits of F814W+F606W imaging (8+4 after adding the existing data) the TRGB can be reliably detected out to D~20 Mpc, providing a distance with an uncertainty of ~5%. This measurement has implications for alternatives to the dark matter paradigm, for galaxy formation, and for globular cluster formation. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ The ten orbits are divided into 5 visits of 2 orbits each, and will obtain a total of 3 orbits F606W and 7 orbits F814W imaging of NGC1052-DF4. Three of the five visits are 1 orbit F606W + 1 orbit F814W, and two of the five are 1 orbit F814W + 1 orbit F814W. Each orbit is divided into 4 dithered exposures, using a combination of a 2-point line dither to cover the chip gap plus a 2-point small dither for removing hot pixels. The pointing is slightly away from NGC1052-DF4 so it is exposed near the middle of one of the ACS chips for many roll angles. The visits have +- 4'' offsets to move the slit gap around and limit its effects. ORIENTS of 290-360 are excluded as then the chip gap crosses the galaxy. This 15695( 2) - 27-Mar-2019 10:42:24 - [ 2] barely affects scheduling: only 10 days in October are excluded because of this constraint. The visits do not have to be scheduled at the same time or at the same roll angle (although this would be nice). The exposure time was *not* auto-adjusted as this slightly decreases the observing windows. With the chosen exposure times the scheduling windows are maximized. Scheduling this program from June - Aug/Sept would be ideal as this would enable follow-up observations in the Fall ground-based observing season for this field. No post-flash is requested as the per pixel counts should be in the "safe" regime. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15695( 2) - 27-Mar-2019 10:42:24 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC1052-DF4 GALAXY, DWARF RA=02H39M12.5100S, J2000 V = 25 SPHEROIDAL DEC=-08D07'18.00" Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15695( 2) - 27-Mar-2019 10:42:24 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type ACS-WFC-DITHER-LINE LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 2 Point_Spacing 3.034 0.145 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 85.29 47.23 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO NO Pattern_Comments: Large dither over gap and then small dither to reject hot pixels and cosmic rays This is for the 2 orbit ones ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15695( 2) - 27-Mar-2019 10:42:24 - [ 5] Visit: 01 (NGC1052-DF4) Visit Requirements: ORIENT 0D TO 100 D; ORIENT 225D TO 290 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC1052-DF4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 1 505 S POS TARG 0, 0; PATTERN 1 (2020 S) 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NGC1052-DF4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 520 S POS TARG 0, 0; PATTERN 1 (2080 S) 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 1 1 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 1 2 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 2 1 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 2 2 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 1 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 2 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 1 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 2 none none 2 N/A 15695( 2) - 27-Mar-2019 10:42:24 - [ 6] Visit: 02 (NGC1052-DF4) Visit Requirements: ORIENT 0D TO 100 D; ORIENT 225D TO 290 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC1052-DF4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 1 505 S POS TARG 0, 4.0; PATTERN (2020 S) 1 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NGC1052-DF4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 520 S POS TARG 0, 4.0; PATTERN (2080 S) 1 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 1 1 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 1 2 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 2 1 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 2 2 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 1 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 2 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 1 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 2 none none 2 N/A 15695( 2) - 27-Mar-2019 10:42:24 - [ 7] Visit: 03 (NGC1052-DF4) Visit Requirements: ORIENT 0D TO 100 D; ORIENT 225D TO 290 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC1052-DF4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 1 505 S POS TARG 0, -4.0; (2020 S) PATTERN 1 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NGC1052-DF4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 520 S POS TARG 0, -4.0; (2080 S) PATTERN 1 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 1 1 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 1 2 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 2 1 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F606W 2 2 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 1 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 2 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 1 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 2 none none 2 N/A 15695( 2) - 27-Mar-2019 10:42:24 - [ 8] Visit: 04 (NGC1052-DF4) Visit Requirements: ORIENT 0D TO 100 D; ORIENT 225D TO 290 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC1052-DF4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 505 S POS TARG 0, 0; PATTERN 1 (2020 S) 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NGC1052-DF4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 520 S POS TARG 0, 0; PATTERN 1 (2080 S) 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 1 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 2 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 1 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 2 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 1 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 2 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 1 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 2 none none 2 N/A 15695( 2) - 27-Mar-2019 10:42:24 - [ 9] Visit: 05 (NGC1052-DF4) Visit Requirements: ORIENT 0D TO 100 D; ORIENT 225D TO 290 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC1052-DF4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 505 S POS TARG 0, 4.0; PATTERN (2020 S) 1 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NGC1052-DF4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 520 S POS TARG 0, 4.0; PATTERN (2080 S) 1 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 1 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 2 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 1 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 2 none none 1 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 1 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 1 2 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 1 none none 2 N/A NGC1052-DF4 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFCENTER F814W 2 2 none none 2 N/A 15695( 2) - 27-Mar-2019 10:42:24 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 15695 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures WFCENTER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/WFC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ORIENT 0D TO 100 D, ORIENT 225D TO 290 D, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 2, POS TARG 0, -4.0, POS TARG 0, 0, POS TARG 0, 4.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F606W, F814W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names NGC1052-DF4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------