Publications

Listings of publications can also be found at the ADS. You can also check my arXiv listing or my ORCID page.

My publication list is also available in PDF format (last updated 5 December 2025).

Refereed publications

Accepted

HSTPROMO Internal Proper Motion Kinematics of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies: II. Velocity Anisotropy and Dark Matter Cusp Slope of Sculptor: E. Vitral; R.P. van der Marel; S.T. Sohn; J. Peñarrubia; E. Patel; L.L. Watkins; M. Libralato; K. McKinnon; A. Bellini; P. Bennet; 2025, ApJ, accepted, arXiv:2508.20711

Published

The Orbits of Isolated Dwarfs in the Local Group from New 3D Kinematics: Constraints on First Infall, Backsplash, and Quenching Mechanisms: P. Bennet; E. Patel; S.T. Sohn; A. del Pino; R.P. van der Marel; M.A. Fardal; K. Spekkens; L. Congreve Hunter; G. Besla; L.L. Watkins; D. Weisz; 2025, ApJ, 993, 228
BP3M: Bayesian Positions, Parallaxes, and Proper Motions Derived from the Hubble Space Telescope and Gaia Data: K.A. McKinnon; A. del Pino; C.M. Rockosi; M. Apfel; P. Guhathakurta; R.P. van der Marel; P. Bennet; M.A. Fardal; M. Libralato; S.T. Sohn; E. Vitral; L.L. Watkins; 2024, ApJ, 972, 150
Proper Motions and Orbits of Distant Local Group Dwarf Galaxies from a combination of Gaia and Hubble Data: P. Bennet; E. Patel; S.T. Sohn; A. del Pino; R.P. van der Marel; M. Libralato; L.L. Watkins; A. Aparicio; G. Besla; C. Gallart; M.A. Fardal; M. Monelli; E. Sacchi; E. Tollerud; D.R. Weisz; 2024, ApJ, 971, 98
JWST-TST High Contrast: Achieving Direct Spectroscopy of Faint Substellar Companions Next to Bright Stars with the NIRSpec IFU: J-B. Ruffio; M.D. Perrin; K.K.W. Hoch; J. Kammerer; Q.M. Konopacky; L. Pueyo; E. Rickman; C.A. Theissen; S. Agrawal; A.Z. Greenbaum; B.E. Miles; T.S. Barman; W.O. Balmer; J. Llop-Sayson; J.H. Girard; I. Rebollido; R. Soummer; N. Allen; J. Anderson; C.A. Beichman; A. Bellini; G. Bryden; N. Espinoza; A. Glidden; J. Huang; N.K. Lewis; M. Libralato; D. Louie; S.T. Sohn; S. Seager; R.P. van der Marel; H.R. Wakeford; L.L. Watkins; M. Ygouf; C.M. Mountain; 2024, AJ, 168, 73
HSTPROMO Internal Proper Motion Kinematics of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies: I. Velocity Anisotropy and Dark Matter Cusp Slope of Draco: E. Vitral; R.P. van der Marel; S.T. Sohn; M. Libralato; A. del Pino; L.L. Watkins; A. Bellini; M.G. Walker; G. Besla; M.S. Pawlowski; G.A. Mamon; 2024, ApJ, 970, 1
Shapes of Dark Matter Haloes with Discrete Globular Cluster Dynamics: The Example of NGC 5128 (Centaurus A): T. Veršič; M. Rejkuba; M. Arnaboldi; O. Gerhard; C. Pulsoni; L.M. Valenzuela; J. Hartke; L.L. Watkins; G. van de Ven; S. Thater; 2024, A&A, 687, 80
The Mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud from the Three-Dimensional Kinematics of its Globular Clusters: L.L. Watkins; R.P. van der Marel; P. Bennet; 2024, ApJ, 963, 84
Total Mass Slopes and Enclosed Mass Constrained by Globular Cluster System Dynamics: T. Veršič; S. Thater; G. van de Ven; L.L. Watkins; P. Jethwa; R. Leaman; A. Zocchi; 2024, A&A, 681, 46
JWST-TST DREAMS: Quartz Clouds in the Atmosphere of WASP-17b: D. Grant; N.K. Lewis; H.R. Wakeford; N. Batalha; A. Glidden; J. Goyal; E. Mullens; R.J. MacDonald; E. May; S. Seager; K.B. Stevenson; J.A. Valenti; C. Visscher; L. Alderson; N. Allen; C. Canas; K. Colon; M. Clampin; N. Espinoza; A. Gressier; J. Huang; Z. Lin; D. Long; D. Louie; M. Peña-Guerrero; S. Ranjan; K. Sotzen; D. Valentine; J. Anderson; W. Balmer; A. Bellini; K. Hoch; J. Kammerer; M. Libralato; C.M. Mountain; M.D. Perrin; L. Pueyo; E. Rickman; I. Rebollido; S.T. Sohn; R.P. van der Marel; L.L. Watkins; 2023, ApJ, 956, 29
JWST-TST Proper Motions: I. High-Precision NIRISS Calibration and Large Magellanic Cloud Kinematics: M. Libralato; A. Bellini; R.P. van der Marel; J. Anderson; S.T. Sohn; L.L. Watkins; L. Alderson; N. Allen; M. Clampin; A. Glidden; J. Goyal; K. Hoch; J. Huang; J. Kammerer; N.K. Lewis; Z. Lin; D. Long; D. Louie; R.J. MacDonald; M. Mountain; M. Peña-Guerrero; M.D. Perrin; L. Pueyo; I. Rebollido; E. Rickman; S. Seager; K.B. Stevenson; J.A. Valenti; D. Valentine; H.R. Wakeford; 2023, ApJ, 950, 101
Dynamics in the Outskirts of Four Milky Way Globular Clusters: It's the Tides that Dominate: Z. Wan; A.D. Arnold; W.H. Oliver; G.F. Lewis; H. Baumgardt; M. Gieles; V. Hénault-Brunet; T. de Boer; E. Balbinot; G. Da Costa; D. Mackey; D. Erkal; A. Ferguson; P. Kuzma; E. Pancino; J. Peñarrubia; N. Sanna; A. Sollima; R.P. van der Marel; L.L. Watkins; 2023, MNRAS, 519, 192
A Deep View into the Nucleus of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with MUSE. III. Discrete Multi-Component Population-Dynamical Models Based on the Jeans Equations: N. Kacharov; M. Alfaro-Cuello; N. Neumayer; N. Lützgendorf; L.L. Watkins; A. Mastrobuono-Battisti; S. Kamann; G. van de Ven; A.C. Seth; K.T. Voggel; I.Y. Georgiev; R. Leaman; P. Bianchini; T. Böker; S. Mieske; 2022, ApJ, 939, 118
Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motion (HSTPROMO) Catalogs of Galactic Globular Clusters. VII. Energy Equipartition: L.L. Watkins; R.P. van der Marel; M. Libralato; A. Bellini; J. Anderson; M. Alfaro-Cuello; 2022, ApJ, 936, 154
Kinematic Structure of the Large Magellanic Cloud Globular Cluster System from Gaia eDR3 and Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motions: P. Bennet; M. Alfaro-Cuello; A. del Pino; L.L. Watkins; R.P. van der Marel; S.T. Sohn; 2022, ApJ, 935, 149
GaiaHub: A Method for Combining Data from the Gaia and Hubble Space Telescopes to Derive Improved Proper Motions for Faint Stars: A. del Pino; M. Libralato; R.P. van der Marel; P. Bennet; M.A. Fardal; J. Anderson; A. Bellini; S.T. Sohn; L.L. Watkins; 2022, ApJ, 933, 76
Internal Rotation of Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidal Satellites with Gaia EDR3: A.M. Martínez-García; A. del Pino; A. Aparicio; R.P. van der Marel; L.L. Watkins; 2021, MNRAS, 505, 5884
Faint Objects in Motion: The New Frontier of High-Precision Astrometry: F. Malbet; et al. (86 co-authors including L.L. Watkins); 2021, Experimental Astronomy, 51, 845
Hunting for Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters: an Astrometric Study of NGC 6441: M. Häberle; M. Libralato; A. Bellini; L.L. Watkins; J.-U. Pott; N. Neumayer; R.P. van der Marel; G. Piotto; D. Nardiello; 2021, MNRAS, 503, 1490
Breaking Beta: A Comparison of Mass Modelling Methods for Spherical Systems: J.I. Read; G.A. Mamon; E. Vasiliev; L.L. Watkins; M.G. Walker; J. Peñarrubia; M. Wilkinson; W. Dehnen; P. Das; 2021, MNRAS, 501, 978
Disentangling the Formation History of Galaxies via Population-Orbit Superposition: Method Validation: L. Zhu; G. van de Ven; R. Leaman; R.J.J. Grand; J. Falcon-Barroso; P. Jethwa; L.L. Watkins; S. Mao; A. Poci; R.M. McDermid; D. Xu; D. Nelson; 2020, MNRAS, 496, 1579
A Deep View Into the Nucleus of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with MUSE. II. Kinematic Characterization of the Stellar Populations: M. Alfaro-Cuello; N. Kacharov; N. Neumayer; P. Bianchini; A. Mastrobuono-Battisti; N. Lützgendorf; A.C. Seth; T. Böker; S. Kamman; R. Leaman; G. van de Ven; P. Bianchini; L.L. Watkins; M. Lyubenova; 2020, ApJ, 892, 20
The Peculiar Kinematics of the Multiple Populations in the Globular Cluster M80 (NGC 6093): S. Kamman; E. Dalessandro; N. Bastian; J. Brinchmann; M. den Brok; S. Dreizler; B. Giesers; F. Göttgens; T.-O. Husser; D. Krajović; G. van de Ven; L.L. Watkins; L. Wisotzki; 2020, MNRAS, 492, 966
A Deep View Into the Nucleus of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy with MUSE. I. Data and Stellar Population Characterisation: M. Alfaro-Cuello; N. Kacharov; N. Neumayer; N. Lützgendorf; A.C. Seth; T. Böker; S. Kamman; R. Leaman; G. van de Ven; P. Bianchini; L.L. Watkins; M. Lyubenova; 2019, ApJ, 886, 57
Hunting for the Dark Matter Wake induced by the Large Magellanic Cloud: N. Garavito-Camargo; G. Besla; C.F.P Laporte; K.V. Johnston; F.A. Gomez; L.L. Watkins; 2019, ApJ, 884, 51
Globular Cluster Number Density Profiles Using Gaia DR2: T.J.L. de Boer; M. Gieles; E. Balbinot; V. Hénault-Brunet; A. Sollima; L.L. Watkins; I. Claydon; 2019, MNRAS, 485, 4906
Evidence for an Intermediate-Mass Milky Way from Gaia DR2 Halo Globular Cluster Motions: L.L. Watkins; R.P. van der Marel; S.T. Sohn; N.W. Evans; 2019, ApJ, 873, 118; Science News: Gaia delivers a trove of data revealing secrets of the Milky Way (2018); NASA Hubble Press Release: What Does the Milky Way Weigh? Hubble and Gaia Investigate (2019); ESA Hubble Press Release: Hubble & Gaia accurately weigh the Milky Way (2019)
First Gaia Dynamics of the Andromeda System: DR2 Proper Motions, Rotation, and Orbits of M31 and M33: R.P. van der Marel; M.A. Fardal; S.T. Sohn; E. Patel; G. Besla; A. del Pino; J. Sahlmann; L.L. Watkins; 2019, ApJ, 872, 24; ESA News Story: Gaia clocks new speeds for Milky Way-Andromeda Collision
Mass modelling globular clusters in the Gaia era: a method comparison using mock data from an N-body simulation of M4: V. Hénault-Brunet; M. Gieles; A. Sollima; L.L. Watkins; A. Zocchi; I. Claydon; E. Pancino; H. Baumgardt; 2019, MNRAS, 483, 1400
The internal rotation of globular clusters revealed by Gaia DR2: P. Bianchini; R.P. van der Marel; A. del Pino; L.L. Watkins; A. Bellini; M.A. Fardal; M. Libralato; A. Sills; 2018, MNRAS, 481, 2125
The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package: The Astropy Collaboration; et al. (136 co-authors including L.L. Watkins); 2018, AJ, 156, 123
HST astrometry in the 30 Doradus region. II. Runaway stars from new proper motions in the Large Magellanic Cloud: I. Platais; D.J. Lennon; R.P. van der Marel; A. Bellini; E. Sabbi; L.L. Watkins; S.T. Sohn; N.R. Walborn; L.R. Bedin; C.J. Evans; S.E. de Mink; H. Sana; A. Herrero; N. Langer; P. Crowther; 2018, AJ, 156, 98
Absolute HST Proper Motion (HSTPROMO) Catalog of Distant Milky Way Globular Clusters: Three-dimensional Systemic Velocities and the Milky Way Mass: S.T. Sohn; L.L. Watkins; M.A. Fardal; R.P. van der Marel; A.J. Deason; G. Besla; A. Bellini; 2018, ApJ, 862, 52
Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motion (HSTPROMO) catalogs of Galactic globular clusters. VI. Improved data reduction and internal-kinematic analysis of NGC 362: M. Libralato; A. Bellini; R.P. van der Marel; J. Anderson; L.L. Watkins; G. Piotto; F. Ferraro; D. Nardiello; E. Vesperini; 2018, ApJ, 861, 99
LBT/MODS spectroscopy of globular clusters in the irregular galaxy NGC 4449: F. Annibali; E. Morandi; L.L. Watkins; M. Tosi; A. Aloisi; A. Buzzoni; F. Cusano; M. Fumana; A. Marchetti; M. Mignoli; A. Mucciarelli; D. Romano; R.P. van der Marel; 2018, MNRAS, 476, 1942
The HST Large Program on omega Centauri. III. Absolute Proper Motion: M. Libralato; A. Bellini; L.R. Bedin; E. Moreno D.; J.G. Fernández-Trincado; B. Pichardo; R.P. van der Marel; J. Anderson; D. Apai; A.J. Burgasser; A.F. Marino; A.P. Milone; J.M. Rees; L.L. Watkins; 2018, ApJ, 854, 45
Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motion (HSTPROMO) catalogs of Galactic globular clusters. V. The rapid rotation of 47 Tuc traced and modeled in three dimensions: A. Bellini; P. Bianchini; A.L. Varri; J. Anderson; G. Piotto; R.P. van der Marel; E. Vesperini; L.L. Watkins; 2017, ApJ, 844, 167
On the origin of sub-subgiant stars. I. Demographics: A.M. Geller; E.M. Leiner; A. Bellini; R. Gleisinger; D. Haggard; S. Kamman; N.W.C. Leigh; R.D. Mathieu; A. Sills; L.L. Watkins; D. Zurek; 2017, ApJ, 840, 66
Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution parallaxes and proper motions for 5 Galactic globular clusters: L.L. Watkins; R.P. van der Marel; 2017, ApJ, 839, 89
A discrete chemo-dynamical model of the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Sculptor: mass profile, velocity anisotropy and internal rotation: L. Zhu; G. van de Ven; L.L. Watkins; L. Posti; 2016, MNRAS, 463, 1117
A discrete chemo-dynamical model of the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 5846: dark matter fraction, internal rotation and velocity anisotropy out to six effective radii: L. Zhu; A.J. Romanowsky; G. van de Ven; R.J. Long; L.L. Watkins V. Pota; N.R. Napolitano; D. Forbes; J. Brodie; C. Foster; 2016, MNRAS, 462, 4001
Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motion (HSTPROMO) catalogs of Galactic globular clusters. IV. Kinematic profiles and average masses of blue straggler stars: A.T. Baldwin; L.L. Watkins; R.P. van der Marel; P. Bianchini; A. Bellini; J. Anderson; 2016, ApJ, 827, 12
The effect of unresolved binaries on globular cluster proper-motion dispersion profiles: P. Bianchini; M.A. Norris; G. van de Ven; E. Schinnerer; A. Bellini; R.P. van der Marel; L.L. Watkins; J. Anderson; 2016, ApJL, 820, L22
Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motion (HSTPROMO) catalogs of Galactic globular clusters. III. Dynamical distances and mass-to-light ratios: L.L. Watkins; R.P. van der Marel; A. Bellini; J. Anderson; 2015, ApJ, 812, 149
The tilt of the velocity ellipsoid in the Milky Way disc: A. Büdenbender; G. van de Ven; L.L. Watkins; 2015, MNRAS, 452, 956
Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motion (HSTPROMO) catalogs of Galactic globular clusters. II. Kinematic profiles and maps: L.L. Watkins; R.P. van der Marel; A. Bellini; J. Anderson; 2015, ApJ, 803, 29
Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motion (HSTPROMO) catalogs of Galactic globular clusters. I. Sample selection, data reduction and NGC 7078 results: A. Bellini; J. Anderson; R.P. van der Marel; L.L. Watkins; I.R. King; P. Bianchini; J. Chanamé; R. Chandar; A. M. Cool; F.R. Ferraro; H. Ford; D. Massari; 2014, ApJ, 797, 115
The central mass and mass-to-light profile of the Galactic globular cluster M15: M. den Brok; G. van de Ven; R.C.E. van den Bosch; L.L. Watkins; 2014, MNRAS, 438, 487
Discrete dynamical modelling of omega Centauri: L.L. Watkins; G. van de Ven; M. den Brok; R.C.E. van den Bosch; 2013, MNRAS, 436, 2598
A census of orbital properties of the M31 satellites: L.L. Watkins; N.W. Evans; G. van de Ven; 2013, MNRAS, 430, 971
The stretching of Hercules: A.J. Deason; V. Belokurov; N.W. Evans; L.L. Watkins; M. Fellhauer; 2012, MNRAS, 425, L101
The masses of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies: L.L. Watkins; N.W. Evans; J. An; 2010, MNRAS, 406, 264
Big fish, small fish: Two New Ultra-Faint Satellites of the Milky Way: V. Belokurov; M.G. Walker; N.W. Evans; G. Gilmore; M.J. Irwin; D. Just; S. Koposov; M. Mateo; E. Olszewski; L.L. Watkins; L. Wyrzykowski; 2010, ApJL, 712, L103
Substructure revealed by RR Lyraes in SDSS Stripe 82: L.L. Watkins; N.W. Evans; V. Belokurov; M.C. Smith; P.C. Hewett; D.M. Bramich; G.F. Gilmore; M.J. Irwin; S. Vidrih; L. Wyrzykowski; D. Zucker; 2009, MNRAS, 398, 1757
Light and Motion in SDSS Stripe 82: The Catalogues: D.M. Bramich; S. Vidrih; L. Wyrzykowski; J.A. Munn; H. Lin; N.W. Evans; M.C. Smith; V. Belokurov; G. Gilmore; D.B. Zucker; P.C. Hewett; L.L. Watkins; D.C. Faria; M. Fellhauer; G. Miknaitis; D. Bizyaev; Ž. Ivezić; D.P. Schneider; S.A. Snedden; E. Malanushenko; V. Malanushenko; K. Pan; 2008, MNRAS, 386, 887

Non-refereed Publications

Theia: Faint objects in motion or the new astrometry frontier: The Theia Collaboration: C. Bœhm; A. Krone-Martins; et al. (96 co-authors including L.L. Watkins); 2017, arXiv:1706.08974
Tracer Populations in the Local Group: L.L. Watkins; 2011, PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge

Conference Proceedings

The Dynamical Mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud: L.L. Watkins; R.P.~van der Marel; P. Bennet; 2025, Proceedings of "IAUS 379: Dynamical Masses of Local Group Galaxies", IAU Symposium Series, 379, 249} \item
Proper Motions of M31 Satellite Galaxies: S.T. Sohn; M. Fardal; E. Patel; G. Besla; N. Kallivayalil; M. Pawlowski; J. Samuel; E. Tollerud; L.L. Watkins; D. Weisz; A. Wetzel; A. del Pino; R.P. van der Marel; 2025, Proceedings of "IAUS 379: Dynamical Masses of Local Group Galaxies", IAU Symposium Series, 379, 101
Imprints of Evolution on the Internal Kinematics of Globular Clusters: L.L. Watkins; R.P. van der Marel; A. Bellini; M. Libralato; J. Anderson; 2020, Proceedings of "IAUS 351 & MODEST 19: Star Clusters from the Milky Way to the Early Universe", IAU Symposium Series, 351, 544
A Deep View into the Nucleus of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy: M54: M. Alfaro-Cuello; N. Kacharov; A. Mastrobuono-Battisti; N. Neumayer; N. Lützgendorf; A.C. Seth; T. Böker; S. Kamman; R. Leaman; G. van de Ven; P. Bianchini; L.L. Watkins; M. Lyubenova; 2020, Proceedings of "IAUS 351 & MODEST 19: Star Clusters from the Milky Way to the Early Universe", IAU Symposium Series, 351, 47
Constraining the Formation and Mass of the Milky Way Halo using Globular Cluster Orbits from HST Proper Motions: S.T. Sohn; R.P. van der Marel; A.D. Deason; A. Bellini; G. Besla; L.L. Watkins; 2018, Proceedings of "IAUS 334: Rediscovering Our Galaxy", IAU Symposium Series, 334, 47
HST Proper Motions of Distant Globular Clusters: Constraining the Formation & Mass of the Milky Way: S.T. Sohn; R.P. van der Marel; A.D. Deason; A. Bellini; G. Besla; L.L. Watkins; 2018, Proceedings of "IAUS 330: Astrometry and Astrophysics in the Gaia Sky", IAU Symposium Series, 330, 261
HST Proper Motions in Galactic Globular Clusters: L.L. Watkins; R.P. van der Marel; A. Bellini; A.T. Baldwin; P. Bianchini; J. Anderson; 2016, Proceedings of "MODEST 16: Star Clusters as Cosmic Laboratories for Astrophysics, Dynamics and Fundamental Physics", Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, 87, 610
Local Group and Star Cluster Dynamics from HSTPROMO: The Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motion Collaboration: R.P. van der Marel; J. Anderson; A. Bellini; G. Besla; P. Bianchini; M. Boylan-Kolchin; J. Chaname; A. Deason; T. Do; P. Guhathakurta; N. Kallivayalil; D. Lennon; D. Massari; E. Meyer; I. Platais; E. Sabbi; S.T. Sohn; M. Soto; M. Trenti; L.L. Watkins; 2014, Proceedings of "Structure and Dynamics of Disk Galaxies", ASP Conference Series, 480, 43
Galactic Substructure Traced by RR Lyraes in SDSS Stripe 82: L.L. Watkins; 2012, Proceedings of "Assembling the Puzzle of the Milky Way", EPJ Web of Conferences, 19, 2004